460 Veterinary Medicine. 



accelerated to a variable degree, and the temperature is still nor- 

 mal (in 80 per cent. Friedberger and Frohner), or rarely exceeds 

 101.5° F. There is often tenderness on percussion and some- 

 times even on manipulation over the loins, short ribs, and the 

 croup, and pinching of the loins may cause wincing. The 

 affected muscle or muscles (lumbar, gluteal, crural) are usually 

 firm, hard and tender, they may be the seat of spasm or of 

 cedema and paresis. These parts may, however, have their 

 sensitiveness lessened and even punctures or electric currents may 

 have little effect on them. 



Soon the increasing muscular weakness is incompatible with 

 the maintenance of the standing position, the bending of the 

 limbs and crouching become extreme, the animal makes vain 

 efforts to control the muscles and extend the joints, and help- 

 lessly drops to the ground. When down he moves his legs con- 

 vulsively, but is unable to coordinate the muscular movements 

 and all efforts to rise are unavailing. 



The spasms and paresis may attack other parts of the body 

 such as the pectoral region, the shoulders and even the abdomen, 

 but the earliest and most persistent disorder is usually in the 

 divisons of the lumbo-sacral plexus affecting the supra or snb- 

 lumbar muscles, the gluteals, the patellar (triceps), the adductors 

 and the abductors. The caudal muscles are exceptionally in- 

 volved. In a series of ten cases Bouley noticed that the left hind 

 limb was always the first paralyzed (evidently a simple coinci- 

 dence). 



Urine may be passed freely or the bladder may be paretic so 

 that it must be emptied with a catheter. In severe cases the 

 urine is of a high density and of a dirty brownish gray, red or 

 almost black color. It contains no blood clots, nor blood 

 globules, but granular haemoglobin, tyrosin and other waste 

 products contribute to produce the reddish color. In some in- 

 stances there is an abundant metalbumen which renders the liquid 

 glairy, causing it to fall in fine threads or films. Urea is usually 

 present in great excess. Hippuric and even uric acid are usually 

 present but not in excess. When the disease has advanced to 

 nephritis the albuminuria is complicated by the presence of casts 

 of the uriniferous tubes, renal epithelium, white and even red 

 blood globules. 



