CATARRHAL ICTERUS (JAUNDICE) OF SOLJPEDS. 



Causes : infection from duodenum through biliary duct. Suppression of 

 bile favors. Musty, heated, mow-burnt fodder, over feeding, irregular feed- 

 ing, or watering, over work, worms, fatigue, damp stables, duodenal con- 

 gestion, gall-stones, concretions, pancreatic tumor, ascaris in bile ducts, dis- 

 toma, infection through portal vein, toxins. Symptoms : of duodenal ca- 

 tarrh, icterus, yellow, viscous, odorous urine, dullness, weakness, somno- 

 lence, tardy pulse and breathing, costiveness, or diarrhoea, pale, foetid stools. 

 Duration : two to three weeks or longer. Lesions : duodenitis, distended 

 biliary and pancreatic ducts, calculi, enlarged softened liver and kidneys. 

 Diagnosis : icteric symptoms in absence of fever. Prognosis : usually favor- 

 able. Treatment : laxative diet, pasture, soiling, ensilage, roots, fruits, 

 water freely, exercise, antisepsis, elimination, laxatives, cholagogues, diure- 

 tics, calomel, salines, nitro-muriatic acid, podophyllin, castor oil, aloes, tar- 

 tar emetic, bitters, sodium bicarbonate. 



Causes. This may be said to be an extension of infection 

 from the duodenum through the bile ducts. The microbes of 

 the intestinal canal become acclimatized by living in the bile- 

 charged contents of the duodenum until they acquired the power 

 of survival and multiplication in the biliary ducts themselves. 

 The well-known antiseptic qualities of the bile, constitute a 

 powerful barrier to this, yet the power of adaptation on the part 

 of certain germs is greater than the defensive action of the bile. 

 The attack is however mostly in connection with indigestion or 

 muco-enteritis, and a more or less perfect suspension of biliary 

 secretion, so that this defensive action is reduced to its minimum 

 and the germs can ascend the bile ducts in the mucous secretion 

 as a culture medium, and by interference with the resumption of 

 a free hepatic secretion, they succeed in safely colonizing them- 

 selves in the mucosa and hepatic parenchyma. Whatever, there- 

 fore, interferes with the integrity of the duodenal functions di- 

 rectly contributes to the extension of infection from bowel to 

 liver. Old, heated, musty, cryptogamic, dusty fodder, grains 

 that have been badly harvested in wet seasons, feed that has been 

 damp and fermented, overloading of the stomach, irregular feed- 

 ing and watering, giving drink after a feed of grain, under- 

 feeding, overwork, worms, excessive fatigue, damp, dark stables, 

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