480 Veterinary Medicine. 



the collar, the limbs trembling and the back arched. The tender 

 back is arched, the right hypochrondrium sensitive, the expression 

 dull, stupid and listless, and constipation or a foetid diarrhoea is 

 liable to set in. The heart beats may be strong and irregular, 

 the breathing is easily disturbed and hurried. The temperature 

 at first 104 to 107° may descend to the normal as the system be- 

 comes charged with the toxic products, and does not usually ex- 

 ceed 99. 5° after two or three days of jaundice of the tissues. 



The icterus is shown in the eye or mouth, or on any white 

 portion of the skin, and in the urine it will be detected by the 

 eye or by the tests above given. 



In the worst cases the urine is very scanty and of a deep yel- 

 lowish brown color, prostration is extreme, tympany, colic, obsti- 

 nate constipation or bloody dirrahcea may set in, the breathing hur- 

 ried or not, is trembling, the pulse small, and the temperature at 

 first high may descend to 95 ° or even much lower before death. 



The course of the disease varies according to its gravity. If 

 there is complete retention of bile, and abundant production of 

 toxins, the animal dies in one or two days in a state of collapse. 

 If there is general progressive degeneration and destruction of 

 the hepatic tissue without at first absolute suppression of the dis- 

 charge of bile into the duodenum, the patient may last till the 

 fourth or fifth day, or later. 



Lesions. There are usually congestion, tumefaction, friability, 

 ecchymosis and even ulceration of the gastric and duodenal mu- 

 cosa. The organs are empty, but show a reddish brown exudate 

 of a glairy consistency, and containing red blood globules and 

 pus corpuscles. The same inflammatory lesions are to be traced 

 into the common bile duct, the cystic duct and bladder, the 

 biliary ducts, and the acini. The mouth of the common duct is 

 usually blocked with a plug of tenacious mucus, the gall bladder 

 having been unable to expel this and the inspissated bile into the 

 intestine. The liver is slightly enlarged, yellowish, with patches 

 of brownish yellow more or less deep, and the acini contain an 

 abundance of oily globules, and yellowish brown granules. The 

 acini have no clear line of delimitation, and the contained hepatic 

 cells are shrunken and distorted, standing apart from each other 

 in a dropsical or watery medium. 



The kidneys are congested and ecchymosed ; the cortical sub- 



