482 Veterinary Medicine. 



To assist in elimination abundance of pure water or of watery 

 fluids may be used. The most effective eliminating agent is 

 pilocarpin in \ gr. dose hypodermically, repeated daily. In 

 weak conditions frequent small doses of strychnia, ether, aqua 

 regia, or digitalis may prove valuable. 



In case of improvement a course of bitters is usually demanded, 

 and these may be combined with hydrochloric acid or small doses 

 of sodium bicarbonate. 



Throughout the disease, gruels, beef tea, buttermilk, whey or 

 any simple nutritive aliment which the animal relishes may be 

 given, but both then and during convalescence fatty matters and 

 indigestible materials should be carefully withheld. 



JAUNDICE IN CATTLE AND SHEEP. 



Usually with gall stones or concretions, or distomata. In sheep from de- 

 composing vegetation. Symptoms : anaemia, emaciation, pallor, icteric mu- 

 cosae. Digestive disorder and bilious stools suggest worms. Treatment : 

 as in horse, or vermifuge. 



Though less common than in the dog icterus in ruminants 

 occurs, but most commonly in connection with gall stones and 

 concretions, or with trematodes in the gall ducts. These forms 

 will be noticed under these respective headings. Verheyen de- 

 scribes an icterus of sheep which occurs enzootically in damp low 

 undrained localities, and is attributed by shepherds to the con- 

 sumption of dead and fermenting leaves. The symptoms are 

 those of anaemia, emaciation, and increasing weakness, with a 

 pallor and more or less dull yellow of the conjunctiva, and, later, 

 of the other mucosas. The loss of appetite, indigestion, yellow 

 liquid faeces, suggest the possible presence of parasites as a cause, 

 and the prescribed treatment by common salt juniper berries and 

 tonics strengthens the suspicion. Other forms must be treated 

 according to cause on the lines laid down above. 



