486 Veterinary Medicine. 



tracts, well boiled flaxseed tea is usually recommended. Weak- 

 ness may be met by warm strong coffee, salicin, quinia, or other 

 bitters, and more stimulating agents like camphor, angelica, 

 assafoetida, or even oil of turpentine may be added. Diarrhoea 

 may be checked by linseed tea, mustard plasters, or in obstinate 

 cases, by opium. Elimination should be sought by administering 

 abundance of pure water or watery demulcents, and even by the 

 use of alkalies like bicarbonates of soda of potash. A moderately 

 free action of the bowels must be constantly maintained. 



Antiseptic treatment of the navel and umbilical veins must not 

 be overlooked. 



EUPINOSIS, ACUTE TOXEMIC ICTERUS, ACUTE 

 YEEEOW ATROPHY OE THE EIVER. 



Attacks sheep, goat, ox, horse, stag : and, experimentally, dog. Causes : 

 consumption of lupins, at a given stage of ripeness, from a given part of a 

 field, or from centre of a stack. Lupinotoxine, conicine, methyl conicine, 

 lupinine. Cryptogamic or bacterial poison. Weak subjects, sheep and 

 even ewes and lambs, suffer most. Symptoms : Acute form : anorexia, 

 fever, excited pulse and breathing, stupor, or hyperesthesia, vertigo, swell- 

 ings on head. Poisonous lupins are first rejected. Bloody nasal froth. In 

 two or three days icterus. Urine may be bloody. Faeces at first hard, 

 coated, bloody, later dark brown and often liquid. Emaciation. Death in 

 one to five days. Chronic form, gastro-enteritis, emaciation, anaemia. Nasal 

 catarrh. Facial swellings and sores. Lesions : hepatitis, nephritis, muco- 

 enteritis, enlarged spleen, icterus, blood extravasations; hepatic tissue, in- 

 filtrated, cloudy, granular, fatty, later cirrhosis. Kidneys contain casts : 

 Spleen tumid, blood gorged. Prognosis : grave ; acute cases die, chronic 

 may recover. Prevention : feed no lupins, avoid dangerous fields, wash off 

 poison from lupins with a soda solution. Ensilage with acid producing 

 fodder in alternate layers. Treatment : avoid alkalies, give acids, purga- 

 tive, castor oil; water. In horse, causes anorexia, anaesthesia, dullness, stu- 

 por, colic, constipation, urinary irritation, fever, slight jaundice, vertigo, 

 orange nasal discharge, sores on tongue and face, and lower part of limbs. 

 Diagnosis. Prognosis hopeful. Treatment as in sheep. Icterus from other 

 fodders. 



This affection has been noticed especially in sheep, but also in 

 the goat, horse, ox and stag as the result of eating lupins. The 

 dog has contracted the disease under experiment. It has been 



