Lupinosis, Acute Toxamic Icterus. 489 



In two or three days jaundice is shown, more especially in the 

 conjunctiva and the urine. The latter, however, is not unfre- 

 quently colored with blood, and contains albumen, bile acids, 

 and renal epithelium and casts. It is passed frequently in small 

 quantity, so that its condition is easily ascertained. 



The faeces are at first scanty and hard with a coating of yel- 

 lowish mucus, and it may be streaks of blood. L,ater they are 

 uniformly stained of a dark brown, and diarrhoea may alternate 

 with the constipation-. Emaciation advances with rapid strides. 



Death may occur as early as one day after the attack but is 

 usually deferred to the fourth of fifth. 



A steady amelioration of all the symptoms may be welcomed 

 as a precursor of recovery. 



In the chronic form jaundice may be entirely absent, and a 

 subacute gastro-enteritis may be attended by emaciation and 

 anaemia. Roloff has frequently found the implication of the 

 other mucosae especially those of the nose and eyes which become 

 catarrhal, and Zurn notes the implication of the skin of the face 

 with exudations, swellings and the formation of sores and scabs 

 on the eyelids, lips, ears, etc. 



Lesions in Sheep. The prominent lesions are parenchymatous 

 inflammation of the liver and kidneys, muco-enteritis, enlarge- 

 ment of the spleen, and icterus, with more or less blood extrava- 

 sation. 



The liver is the seat of acute hepatitis. It is usually swollen 

 and abnormally friable, with a yellowish color often as deep as 

 citron. The parts recently attacked exhibit albuminoid infiltra- 

 tion and cloudy swelling, the older lesions show fatty or granular 

 degeneration. These changes exist especially in the hepatic 

 cells, and fatty metamorphosis bears a direct relation to the 

 obesity of the sheep. If the patient has survived the first few 

 days, the liquefied products are absorbed, there is a relative in- 

 crease of the interstitial connective tissue and the volume of the 

 organ is materially decreased (acute yellow atrophy of the liver, 

 Schiitz). In chronic cases, the hypertrophy of the interstitial 

 connective tissue is the most prominent feature, constituting a 

 distinct cirrhoses (fibroid induration) and the atrophy becomes 

 very pronounced while the surface is very irregular and uneven. 

 The gall bladder is distended, and its mucosa congested. 



