490 Veterinary Medicine. 



Jaundice, which may be little marked apart from the conjunc- 

 tiva, is usually shown in the subcutaneous connective tissue, the 

 skin of the abdomen,' the omentum and mesentery, but according 

 to Cadeac is never shown in cartilage, bone nor tendon. 



The kidneys show parenchymatous inflammation, congestion, 

 swelling which gives a hardness of touch through the resisting 

 fibrous envelope, and often a pervading shade of yellow. The 

 epithelium of the uriniferous tubes is cloudy, turbid and granu- 

 lar and the tubes themselves contain cylindroid casts. The 

 bladder is catarrhal and has been too irritable to contain urine. 



The spleen is tumid, soft, reddish gray, and on section shows 

 excess of blood, pulp, and here and there marbling by fibrinous 

 exudate. 



The heart is pale, granular, friable, with a tinge of yellow and 

 with a slight citron colored effusion in the pericardium. The 

 cardiac blood is dark and thick but coagulates and brightens in 

 color on exposure to the air. 



There is usually some oedema of the lung, larnyx and pia 

 mater. 



There are catarrhal lesions of the abomasum and entire intes- 

 tinal canal with granular degeneration of the epithelium and 

 spots and patches of aborescent congestion and haemorrhage. 

 The icteric tint is usually distinct. 



Prognosis is always grave. Acute cases are almost always 

 fatal. Chronic cases due to eating lupins in which the poison is 

 relatively weak, or a very restricted amount of the more poisonous 

 lupins, may recover. This mortality is very serious in the affected 

 districts 5.8 per cent, of all the sheep of some districts in Pommer- 

 ania perishing yearly from this affection and entailing the loss of 

 almost the same number of lambs (Von Below- Seleske). 



Prevention. Radical prevention can be secured by the exclu- 

 sion of lupins from the ration. Where this is undesirable the 

 fields that produce poisonous lupins can be ascertained and devoted 

 to the production of other crops. When a crop of lupins has 

 already been produced on a dangerous field the poison may be 

 extracted from the fodder or subjected to the action of an anti- 

 dote. Fortunately the poison is concentrated on the surface of 

 the lupin and is easily washed off. 



Damman advises to leave the cut forage exposed to the rain so 



