Lupinosis, Acute Toxosmic Icterus. 491 



that the poison may be washed off. A more prompt and effective 

 plan would be to put the fodder under a stream of water from a 

 hose, and it could be fed while still fresh and unaltered. Fried- 

 berger and Frohner directs that the forage be steeped for forty- 

 eight hours in a soda solution (1:100) to dissolve off the offen- 

 sive matter, after which it may be washed and safely fed. 



Glasser would put the lupins in a silo, in alternate layers with 

 some material which rapidly undergoes acid fermentation 

 (brewers grains, maize, pulped roots). The acid renders the 

 poison insoluble and is directly antidotal. To develope this acid 

 it is important to put the materials into the silo before they have 

 become too far matured. 



The destruction of the poison by steaming the fodder under a 

 pressure of two atmospheres, as recommended by Kuhn and Ro- 

 loff requires a too elaborate apparatus for ordinary use. 



Therapeutic treatment. The first desideratum is to render in- 

 soluble any poison which has already entered the alimentary 

 canal. Alkalies, as solvents and distributers of the poison must 

 be carefully avoided and acids (acetic, nitric, hydrochloric, sul- 

 phuric) freely used. These may be mixed with the drinking 

 water or given from a bottle. If appetite is still retained, they 

 may be mixed with the food, or acid aliment (sour ensilage, old 

 grains, or fermented swill) may be supplied. 



The next resort is a purgative to eliminate the poison from 

 the alimentary canal. But the cathartics usually given to the 

 ruminants are dangerous. Sulphate of soda undergoing decom- 

 position, furnishes an alkaline solvent for the poison. Castor oil 

 is therefore to be preferred. 



An abundance of water will favor the action of both bowels 

 and kidneys and hasten the elimination of the poison which may 

 have been already absorbed into the system. 



European writers recommend the use of the flesh as human 

 food, unless the animal has reached the last stage of the disease. 



Symptoms of Lupinosis in the Horse. There is always the 

 history of the presence of lupins in the oats, or of lupin straw as 

 a food or litter. Though less fatal than in sheep the disease sets 

 in with great severity, the symptoms referring especially to 

 gastro-enteritis, and disorders of innervation. There is com- 

 plete anorexia, impaired sensibility, dullness and stupor, the 



