Hepatic Hemorrhage or Rupture. 497 



Treatment. In the rare cases due to infection from the intes- 

 tine, an active saline purgative, followed by antiseptics (salol, 

 naphthalin, naphthol, etc.,) daily will be of value. It is also 

 desirable to keep up the action of the bowels by morning doses of 

 salines. In cases consequent on chest disease attention must be 

 given to such primary trouble. In all cases a restricted laxative 

 diet, and graduated but increasing exercise in the open air are 

 demanded. 



HEPATIC HEMORRHAGE OR RUPTURE. 



Causes : Mechanical injuries, falls, blows, kicks, degenerations, amyloid, 

 fatty, granular, congestion, neoplasms, glanders, tuberculous, myomatous, 

 microbian infection. In the horse, disease of liver, heart, lungs, hepatic 

 artery, portal vein degenerations following over-feeding, idleness, foreign 

 bodies, arsenic, phosphorus, parasites, violent movements in colic, running, 

 draught, leaping. In the dog, pampering and traumatism. In cattle forced 

 feeding, emaciation, microbian infection. In birds, tubercle, taeniasis, mi- 

 crobian infection. Lesions : extravasation, intracapsular, or through capsule 

 into the peritoneal cavity. The extravasation bulges of a deep black, cover- 

 ing a dark softened, pulpy, hepatic tissue, with light colored fatty tissue 

 around. Clots may be stratified from successive bleedings. Liver usually 

 enlarged. Symptoms : onset sudden, or preceded by stiffness, soreness and 

 other signs of hepatic trouble. Extensive rupture, entails weakness, un- 

 steady gait, perspiration, pallor of mucosae, small weak rapid pulse, palpita- 

 tions, dilated pupils, rolling eyes, amaurosis, tremors, convulsion in case of 

 survival, coldness, oedemas. Death in five hours to five days. Risk of 

 relapse in recovering cases. Treatment : rather hopeless, rest, laxative, 

 ergot, ferric chloride, tannic acid, witch hazel, cold water, snow or ice to 

 right side. In meat-producing animals fatten. 



Causes. Hemorrhage and rupture of the liver are closely cor- 

 related to each other, the accumulation of extravasated blood in 

 the parenchyma in the one case leading to over distension of the 

 capsule, and the laceration of this capsule and of the adjacent 

 substance of the liver occurring in the other as a mere* extension 

 of the first. They usually occur as the direct result of mechani- 

 cal injury (falls, blows, kicks) acting on a liver already softened 

 and friable through disease. These predisposing degenerations 

 may be amyloid (Caparini, Johne, Rabe), fatty (Julien, Gowing, 

 Adam, Siedamgrotzky) , granular softening, hepatitis or conges- 

 32 



