500 Veterinary Medicine. 



rhages may terminate in recovery if there is no attendant incur- 

 able disease. In anthrax, glanders, cancer, tuberculosis, septi- 

 caemia, etc., a favorable issue is not to be looked for. 



Duration. Termination. In severe cases a fatal issue may be 

 expected in from five hours to five days. In the milder cases 

 which make a temporary recovery there is great danger of a 

 second hemorrhage from the new vessels in the tissue undergoing 

 organization or from the adjacent degenerate liver tissue. The 

 course of the affection may be altered by such complications as 

 arthritis (Dieckerhoff), pneumonia, pulmonary thrombosis 

 (,Leblanc), enteritis or peritonitis (Cadeac). 



Treatment is usually of no avail. Rest, and the administra- 

 tion of laxatives and haemostatics, have been especially recom- 

 mended. Of the latter, ergot by the mouth or ergo tin subcutem, 

 tends to contraction of the bloodvessels and to check the flow. 

 Ferric chloride is also used, though apt to interfere with hepatic 

 function. Tannic acid, hamamelis, and other astringents may 

 be used instead. Cold water, snow or ice applied to the right 

 hypochondrium may act as a check to the hemorrhage. Unless 

 in purely traumatic cases in an otherwise healthy liver, a recovery 

 is at best temporary, and the already degenerate liver is liable to 

 relapse at any moment. In horses and dogs, therefore, recovery 

 is by no means an unmixed good. Meat producing animals that 

 recover should be prepared for the butcher. 



HEPATITIS. 



Forms of hepatitis : Parenchymatous hepatitis. Definition . Degenera- 

 tion of hepatic cells. Relation to enteritis and nephritis. In horse — causes : 

 as in congestion, pampering, spoiled fodder, malt, inundated meadows, chill, 

 over feeding, hot, moist climate, haemoglobinaemia, infection. In cattle — 

 causes : forcing ration, hot weather, overwork, infection. In dog — causes : 

 infection from alimentary canal. Lesions : Enlarged, softened liver, round 

 edges, a week later yellow atrophy, granular on section, bloodless. Acini 

 with indefinite margins, cells granular, nuclei lost. In dog centres of soft- 

 ening. Symptoms : in horse — attack sudden, rigor, fever, dullness, pros- 

 tration, yellowish red mucosa, unsteady gait, slight colic, anorexia, urine 



