Infected Hepatitis . 509 



ptomaines produced by bacteria in the alimentary canal and carried 

 to the liver with the portal blood, (Cadeac). The bacteria them- 

 selves commonly come from the same source, (Stubbe), but also 

 from the uterus (Berndt), the mammas (LeBlanc), and above all 

 from the suppurating or septic umbilicus. McFadyean in 

 five cases found a long slender bacillus, Hamilton in a single 

 case in a horse found cocci, Rivolta in an infectious hepatitis in 

 sheep found bacterium subtilis agnorum, and Semmer found the 

 same condition in young pigs from micrococci introduced through 

 the diseased umbilicus. 



Lesions. In cattle the liver has a general brownish red, or 

 greenish white color, and shows projecting, hard nodules of a 

 dirty gray color more or less tinged with yellowish brown. The 

 margins of these hard nodules are very sharply defined, and on 

 section show a homogeneous granular surface, devoid of areas of 

 softening or of connective tissue, and formed of the hepatic par- 

 enchyma in a state of necrobiosis. The granules and nuclear 

 elements do not stain like those of healthy liver. As the 

 disease advances the periphery of the nodule may be invaded by 

 leucocytes and become the seat of a fibro-plastic hypertrophy 

 (McFadyean) with the ultimate formation of cicatricial tissue 

 (Stubbe). 



In lambs Rivolta found the necrosed nodules standing out as 

 white patches under the capsule of the liver, but similar lesions 

 were met with in the lungs and pleurae, an observation which 

 has been confirmed by Hanbold. The affection was conveyed by 

 inoculation to the rabbit. 



Inpigs Semmer found nutmeg liver, deep red or grayish yel- 

 low, hypertrophied, the hepatic cells swollen and divested of nuclei 

 but containing fatty and pigmentary granules. It was inoculable 

 on rabbits, guinea pigs, white rats and on young pigs. 



In the dog Courmont and Doyon found congested liver (portal 

 congestion) with projecting patches of a deep violet color and 

 sharply defined borders, and one to two lines in diameter, also 

 salient white spots with distinct outlines. In the white spots the 

 hepatic cells had lost their nuclei and were charged with fatty 

 granules. 



Symptoms. These are indications of hepatic disease. In 

 parturient cows, Berndt noted fever (102 to 104°), anorexia, 



