Tumors of the Liver. 547 



dilatation of the larger bile ducts, which contained about 10 quarts 

 of sand, that had apparently entered from the duodenum by 

 the common bile duct which had an orifice an inch in diameter. 



Pig. The gall ducts of a pig's liver, in the Veterinary College 

 of Berlin contains a large amount of sand (Gurlt). 



Dog. The liver is exceptionally perforated by sharp-pointed 

 bodies coming from the stomach. Cadeac and Blanc report three 

 cases of needle in the liver. Blanc's case had been killed be- 

 cause of old age ; one of Cadeac' s showed symptoms resembling 

 rabies. 



Treatment of these cases would be very hopeless as nothing 

 short of laparotomy and the removal of the foreign body would 

 promise success. 



TUMORS OF THE LIVER. NEW GROWTH. 



Largely secondary, from stomach, intestine, lymph glands, spleen, pan- 

 creas ; the hepatic tumor maybe disproportionately large. In horse : sarcoma 

 rapidly growing soft, succulent, slow-growing, fibrous, tough, stroma with 

 round or spindle shaped cells and nuclei. Symptoms : emaciation, icterus, 

 enlarged liver, rounded tumors on rectil examination. Melanoma, in old 

 gray or white horses, with similar formations elsewhere ; not always malig- 

 nant. Lymphadenoma. Angioma. Carcinoma. Epithelioma, lesions, 

 nodular masses, white or grayish on section, and having firm stroma with 

 alveoli filled with varied cells with refrangent, deeply staining, large, multiple 

 nuclei, cancerous cachexia and variable hepatic disorder. In cattle : sarcoma, 

 adenoma, angioma, cystoma, carcinoma, epithelioma. In sheep : adenoma, 

 carcinoma. In dog : lipoma, sarcoma, encephaloid, carcinoma, epithelioma. 

 Wasting and emaciation, yellowish pallor, temporal atrophy, ascites, liver 

 enlargement, tender right hypochondrium, dyspepsia, symptoms of primary 

 deposits elsewhere. 



The great quantity of blood which passes through the liver 

 lays it open, in a very decided way, to the implantation of germs 

 and biological morbid products. Hence tumors of the liver are 

 largely secondary, the primary ones being found mostly in the 

 stomach, intestine, abdominal lymph glands, spleen and pancreas. 

 The primary neoplasm is often comparatively small, while the 

 hepatic one supplied with a great excess of blood may be by far 

 the most striking morbid lesion. The hepatic tumors are mostly 

 of the nature of angioma, sarcoma, melanoma, adenoma, lipoma, 

 cystoma, carcinoma, and epithelioma. 



