PARASITES OF THE LIVER. 



Ikying as it does in the channel of the blood charged with the 

 products of absorption from the intestine, the liver is especially 

 liable to parasites. Among protozoa are : Monocercomonas he- 

 patica (pigeon), saccharomyces guttulatus (rabbit), eimeria falci- 

 formis (rabbit), coccidium oviforme (rabbit, pig, dog). Among 

 the lower cryptogams are actinomyces (ox, pig). Of the tape- 

 worm family are : Cysticercus tenuicollis (ruminants, pig), c. 

 pisiformis (rabbit), c. cellulosa (dog, pig), echinococcus veteri- 

 norum (animals, man), taenia fimbriata (sheep, deer), and an un- 

 determined ccenurus (cat). Of trematodes are : Distoma hepatica 

 (herbivora, man), distoma lanceolatum (herbivora, man), disto- 

 ma giganteum, or Americanum (cattle), d. truncatum, d. con- 

 junctum, d. campanulatum (dog), amphistoma explanatum (ox). 

 Of nematodes are : Stephanurus dentatus, ascaris suis, oesopha- 

 gostoma dentatum (pig), sclerostoma equinum, ascaris megalo- 

 cephala (horse), ascaris bovis (ox), oesophagostoma columbiana 

 (in ruminants), filaria hepatica, enstrongylus gigas, ascaris 

 marginata (dog), ollulanus tricuspis, ascaris mystax (cat). (See 

 Parasites, Vol. V). 



DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS. 



Obscure. Shown only by digestion or hepatic disorder. Excess of fat in 

 stools suggests suppression of secretion. Intestinal fermentations. Sus- 

 pension of glycogenesis and consequent emaciation, stunting or poisoning. 

 Pancreatic calculus and icterus. 



Diseases of the pancreas are even more obscure than those of 

 the liver. Situated on the course of the duodenum, beneath the 

 lumbar vertebrae and their right transverse processes, and sep- 

 arated from the lateral walls and floor of the abdomen by the 

 great mass of the intestines, it is not open to manipulation or sat- 

 isfactory percussion, and its secretions being used up in the func- 

 tion of digestion, so that they cannot be perceived and tested ex- 

 ternally like the secretions of the kidneys. Beside the general 

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