PANCREATIC CALCULI. 



Mostly in cattle from over-feeding, dry feeding, inactivity. Small. Mul- 

 tiple. Round, angular, lobulated. Nucleus. Composition. Dilated ducts. 

 Atrophied or sclerosed glandular tissue. Prevention : succulent food, 

 water at will, open air life, correction of local catarrh. 



Pancreatic like biliary calculi have been found especially in 

 cattle. They appear to be predisposed by their stimulating, 

 forcing feeding, by their quiet life apart from all causes of excite- 

 ment and especially by the combined effect of dry feeding and 

 prolonged confinement in the stall through the long winter. 



The calculi are usually small but numerous, Jungers having 

 found 36 weighing 38 grammes. Bar has found a mass with an 

 aggregate weight of 23 grammes. 



The form of the calculus varies ; many are angular from mutual 

 attrition in the large ducts ; others from the smaller ducts are 

 rounded ; those from the glandular follicles may be even lobulated, 

 in keeping with the divisions of the cavity. The color is white 

 and each shows a distinct central nucleus of epithelial, mucus, or 

 other origin. Their specific gravity is 2.397 (Fiirstenberg), and 

 their composition 92 per cent, calcium carbonate, 4 per cent, 

 magnesia, and traces of calcium phosphate (Gurlt). 



The pancreatic ducts are as a rule greatly dilated and thickened 

 (in man they form enormous cysts, Senn, Osier), and the glandu- 

 lar tissue is atrophied, indurated (sclerosed), and of a brownish' 

 yellow color. 



Treatment in such cases would be unsatisfactory. By way of 

 prevention succulent food, abundance of pure water, and the cor- 

 rection of any infective catarrhal affection of the duodenum, or of 

 the bile or pancreatic ducts would be specially indicated. Free 

 exercise in the open air would be desirable. 



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