PELAGIC FAUNA. 53 



gurnards, however, were not uncommon, varying in size from 



5 to 12'5 mm. — thus showing an increase on the previous 

 month. Moreover young clupeoids— from 7 to 16 mm.— of the 

 autumn brood had made their appearance, the larger forms 

 only after the middle of the month. A single gadoid of 

 5-5 mm., rocklings from 6 to 24 mm., larval sand-eels and 

 pleuronectids from 5 to 11 mm. completed the list of the food- 

 fishes. Gobies were still frequent, the extremes in length being 



6 and 21 mm., while the majority were about 7 mm. Skulpins 

 from 3'5 to 10 mm. were often met with, the former appearing 

 at the beginning of the month, and having the tapering larval 

 tail with permanent rays below. Young sea-scorpions (Cotti) 

 of 9 mm., bimaculated suckers of 7'5 mm., young whiting from 

 1 to 3 inches, young gadoids of similar size, and young pipe- 

 fishes were likewise obtained. 



Appendicularians were fairly numerous throughout the 

 month, as also was Actinotrocha, with young Phoronis. 



Young mussels were still plentiful, though not in profusion, 

 and they were accompanied by other bivalves and many 

 univalves. The larval Polyzoan, Gyphonautes, was still 

 common. 



The crustaceans were apparently as numerous and varied 

 as in August. Larval stages also {Nauplii and Zoece) were 

 prevalent. They formed an almost inexhaustible store of 

 nourishment for the smaller fishes. 



The bottom-nets especially abounded in the larval and post- 

 larval annelids, their profusion in all the nets being remarkable. 

 Young examples of most of the littoral annelids also made 

 their appearance. Sagittce from 12 to 16 mm. were frequent. 



The larval Echinoderms were less numerous than in 

 August, but yet they occurred in almost every haul of the 

 surface- and bottom-nets — together with a considerable number 

 of minute star-fishes. 



In the mid-water-nets jelly-fishes (Hydromedusse) were 

 frequent at the beginning of the month, but were rare in the 

 surface-net. The ranks diminished as the month advanced, 

 probably by the death of the jelly-fishes after the discharge of 

 the eggs. 



