78 British Uredinee and Ustilaginec. 
observers have found that they even germinate after seven 
and a half years.* 
U. Cardui, F. v. W.—Kiihn found that teleutospores 
in water produced promycelia and small ovate promycelial 
spores.f In nahrldsung yeast-colonies are produced very 
abundantly, being from 5 to 8u long, and from 3 to 5 
wide; they very much resemble the cells of beer-yeast, but 
of course they do not bud in saccharine media.f 
U. flosculorum, D.C. (U. intermedia, Schroter).— 
The germination has been studied by Schréter,§ who 
found the spores, when placed in water, germinated very 
quickly, for in twelve hours all had produced promycelia. 
These attained a length of from 16 to 20u, and a width of 
from 5 to 64; they generally become triseptate, and bear 
sporidia both laterally and terminally. These are shortly 
ovate in form, and measure 6u in length, and from 4 to 
5 in width. In the course of thirty-six hours the 
sporidia tend to become spherical. The promycelia have 
a great tendency to fall away from the teleutospores and 
. subsequently to produce promycelial spores, so that they 
become sporophores (/ruchttréger). The budding in 
nahrlésung Brefeld || found to be so profuse as to be quite 
phenomenal. The yeast-spores are from 4 to Su long, 
and 4u wide. 
U. violaca, Pers. (U. antherarum, Fries)—The teleuto- 
spores of this species are even better suited for observa- 
tion than those of the one just described, inasmuch as, 
being rather larger, the promycelia are proportionately 
bigger, and the septation and spore-formation more easily 
observed. The teleutospores germinate after a very short 
* Von Liebenberg, ‘‘ Oesterr landw. Wochenblatt” (1879), Nos. 43, 44. 
t Kiihn in Rabenhorst’s ‘‘ Fungi Europzi,” No, 1798, 
t Brefeld, Zoc. ci¢., pp. 86-88, t. vi. figs. 1-16. 
§ Schroter, “‘ Beitrage zur Biol.,” bd. ii. heft. iii, pp. 352, 353. 
|| Brefeld, /oc. cz?., pp. 89, 90, t. vi. figs. 17-27. 
