Germination of Teleutospores of Ustilaginee. 91 
either at their lower or upper ends; after which one of 
the branches grows onwards in its original direction, and 
at its end develops a long, fusiform, secondary spore (Fig. 
8). This falls off, and in its turn germinates by the pro- 
trusion of a long, very narrow germ-tube. If the number 
of the primary branches be odd, the odd one does not con- 
jugate, but grows more slowly, and ultimately shows no 
further change. Various deviations from the typical ger- 
mination take place; thus the promycelium itself can grow 
into a germ-tube, or the primary whorl of branches may 
send a-branch downwards. In £. calendule the process is 
similar. 
E. vanunculiiiIn this species Brefeld* found that 
conidia were produced upon the host-plant, and that in the 
interior of the leaves a richly developed mycelium existed, 
sending up conidiophores through the stomata. The fresh 
conidia in naéhrldsung produced a mycelium less extended, 
but little different from that produced by the spores of 
Tilletia under similar conditions. This very soon becomes 
covered with conidia, which in their turn produce mycelia 
and conidia again. Marshall Wardf found that the 
conidia which are produced in spring are clavate or 
elongate-oval in form ; that they germinate in from twenty- 
four to thirty hours by emitting a delicate germ-tube from 
both extremities, one of which grows, the other becoming 
empty of protoplasm and septate. The growing germ-tube 
generally becomes swollen into a secondary conidium when 
the culture is madé in water. From this secondary coni- 
dium a branched germ-tube is emitted. If the conidia 
germinate on a leaf, the formation of the secondary 
conidia is rare. The germ-tubes enter the stomata, and 
* Brefeld, Joc. c2t., pp. 163, 164. 
{+ Marshall Ward, Phil. Trans. of the Roy. Soc., vol, 178 (1887), B., 
pp. 173-185, plates 10-13. 
