102 = British Uredinee and Ustilaginee. 
altogether different, for the smut is formed at the time, or 
soon after, the cereals are in blossom, and long before 
harvest it has been scattered by the winds, so that in the 
harvest field one never finds a smutted ear. We know, 
moreover, that when once the teleutospores fall on the 
ground, or in any way become damp, they forthwith ger- 
minate, and although they are capable of retaining their 
power of germination for some years, it is only when they 
are perfectly dry—a condition which never obtains with 
them in a state of nature. There must, therefore, be some 
means by which the interval is bridged over between the 
ripening of the teleutospores of WU. segetum, which takes 
place in early summer, and the time when the grain itself 
germinates, for this, under any circumstances, can only be 
one or two months later. This may be by a metcecism, 
but there is no proof whatever that any such occurs; or it 
may be by the continued reproduction of yeast-spores, as 
Brefeld suggests taking place in manure heaps. My own 
experiments, however, with nahrlésung containing U. Sege- 
zum spores have all been negative. 
There is a certain point in connection with the repro- 
duction of smut (U. segetum) wherein it differs essentially 
from bunt (7. ¢retzc¢); it is this—that however carefully 
wheat may be dressed with cupric sulphate, arsenic, 
brine, lime, etc., while such dressing almost absolutely 
protects the crop from bunt, yet it has no appreciable 
affect upon smut. This fact is obvious to any one residing 
in an agricultural district. The wheats are dressed for 
bunt on every well-managed farm, but they are as much 
affected with smut as the barley and oat crops, which 
latter, never being affected with bunt, are never subjected 
to protective dressing. 
In 1883, I made a series of experiments by applying the 
teleutospores of U. segetum to the wheat and oat plants 
