Leptopuccinia. 512 
BIOLOGY.—The sori occur on yellow spots on the leaves, which 
often, as the leaves expand, fall out and leave circular perforations. On 
the stems the sori are elongated, often with pointed extremities ; they 
fall off as the stems grow, and leave elliptical wounds, at the bottom of 
which the woody parts of the stem are exposed. The sori often occur 
on the calyces and on the young fruit. The teleutospores readily 
germinate in water. I have infected cotton plants with the promy- 
celial spores, but obtained no result. 
This fungus was first described by Montagne in 1852, from a speci- 
men from Chili. I have in my herbarium a specimen from Melbourne, 
Australia, gathered in 1865. It is said, however, to have been found 
in Algeria at an early date on Lavatera cretica. In 1869, it appeared 
in Spain.* In April, 1873, Durieu found it near Bordeaux, and in the 
same month Decaisne at Montpellier. In June and July, it appeared 
in England, and did great damage to the hollyhocks. It was found by 
Messrs. Roper, Hussey, Paxton, and Parfitt at Exeter, Salisbury, 
Chichester, and soon after by myself at King’s Lynn. In October, 
Schréter found it in Bavaria; in January, 1874, Beltrani-Pisani met 
with it at Rome; and in April it was seen at Panisperma, in June at 
Erlangen, in July at Dusseldorf, and in the course of a year or two 
spread all over Europe from Athens to Denmark and Finland. So 
virulently did it attack the hollyhocks that for several years they 
almost disappeared from our gardens. It seems to have spent its 
energy, as these plants are again beginning to be cultivated. Kellerman, 
in 1874, pointed out that germ-tubes of the promycelial spores insinu- 
ated themselves between the epidermal cells, and he described the 
haustoria on the mycelium. He found that on plants cultivated indoors 
spore-formation continued throughout the winter. 
Puccinia circze, Pers. 
Teleutospores—Sori compact, pulvinate, round, at first yellowish, 
then brown, often circinate. Spores two kinds, similar in form, 
but differing in colour, those formed earlier in the year being 
paler, those formed later being a darker brown, fusiform, with 
thick (6 or 74) conical apices, attenuated towards the stem, 
very slightly constricted in the middle, 23-40 x 10-14p. 
Pedicels hyaline. 
Synonym. 
Puccinia circee, Pers. “Disp. Meth.,” p. 39. Winter in 
* For an account of the spread of this fungus in Europe, see Egon Ihne, 
‘* Studien zur Pflanzengeographie.” 1880. 
