28 A SYNOPSIS OF ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION. 



as wings; the abdomen consists 

 typically of eleven somites with 

 modified terminal appendages for 

 palpation and oviposition. The 

 higher insects have gained second- 

 ary larval forms and thus develop 

 by a metamorphosis. 



Order i. Thysanura. Minute wingless forms, with biting 



mouth parts, found in decayed 

 wood and damp earth. They are 

 the most primitive insects and have 

 never developed wings. Some 

 show rudiments of abdominal legs. 

 Ametabolic; i.e., development di- 

 rect. X Podura. 



Order 2. Pseudoneuroptera . . .Mouth parts biting, wings all alike, 



transparent, delicate, with lace- 

 like venation. This group was 

 formerly united with the Neuro- 

 ptera, but has an active pupa 

 (hemimetabolism). 



X Libellula, Ephemera. 



Order 3. Orthoptera Mouth parts biting, upper wings 



parchment-like, generally narrow, 

 under wings membranous and 

 often folded. Development hemi- 

 metabolic; i.e., pupa active. 



X Caloptenus. 



Order 4. Neuroptera Mouth parts biting, somewhat 



modified in Phryganidce. Wings 

 as in Order 2. Development 

 holometabolic ; i.e., pupa quies- 

 cent. X Phryganea. 



Order 5. Coleoptera Mouth parts biting, upper wings 



(elytra) forming hard shields for 

 the protection of the membra- 

 nous lower ones. Holometabolic. 



