444 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



inches long. Male catkins, arising as in P. stenoptera ; scale glandular, four-lobed ; 

 stamens six to ten. Female catkins 8 inches long ; bract minute, bracteoles 

 oblong and longer than the style, perianth with four subulate lobes. Fruit : catkins 

 a foot or more in length ; nut with conic beak-like apex ; wings linear-oblong and 

 erect. 



The above description applies to the form in cultivation, which is also common 

 in the wild state. The species is, however, very variable as regards the amount of 

 pubescence, the twigs being often glabrous and the leaf-rachis only slightly 

 pubescent. In many wild specimens the wing of the rachis is very slight. 



This species is readily distinguishable in summer by the winged rachis of the 

 leaf In winter the twigs are slender and covered with a rusty-red bristly 

 pubescence ; but in other respects resemble those of P. cmicasica. The buds, more 

 slender than in that species, but similar in structure and position, are greyish in 

 colour. 



This is a common tree in the central and southern provinces of China, ex- 

 tending in a slightly different form into Tonking.' It is usually met with in the 

 plains and low hills, along rivers and water-courses ; and never grows to be a large 

 tree. It is recorded from near Moukden in Manchuria, where it was collected by 

 James ; but was probably only cultivated there. It is usually called ma-liu" by the 

 Chinese ; and is much planted in the streets of Shanghai, where it is often called 

 " Chinese ash " by the European inhabitants. As the climate of the regions where 

 it grows naturally is very different from that of England, it is liable to be injured by 

 spring frosts, and fails from want of heat in autumn to ripen its wood. The timber 

 is considered in China to be of little value. 



The tree was introduced into Europe apparently by Lavallee, who received the 

 seeds from Siebold, about i860. It supported at Segrez very low temperatures in 

 1870 and 1871 ; but succumbed during the severe winter of 1879-1880. Lavallde 

 considered it to be about as hardy as the common walnut. 



The only specimen that we have seen in England of any size is at Tortworth, 

 where Elwes measured in 1905 a tree 32 feet high by 2 feet 3 inches in girth, 

 believed by Lord Ducie to have been planted about twenty years. It is in a shadv 

 and sheltered valley and produced small racemes of fruit in 190s. (A. H.) 



' far. lonHne.m., Francliet, >.,„. d,: HoL 1S9S, p. 31S. A geogmphic.l form, distinguished by large leaflets, up to 

 6 inches long, and linear wings to the fruit, which diverge at a wide angle. 



■' Henry, "Chinese Names of Plants,"/,.;,;-,,. China Bra,,,/, A\ Asiat. So,: xxii -56 (1SS7) 



