86 FIELD, FOREST AND FARM 



beget two generations in one year : the first, the issue 

 of the scaly buds that have endured the winter ; the 

 second, naked buds formed in the spring and develop- 

 ing very soon after their formation. The branches 

 arising from these latter finally give birth to scaly 

 buds, which sleep through the winter and reproduce 

 the same order of things the following year. 



"Both axillary and terminal buds are in the nor- 

 mal order of plant-life : they appear in all forms of 

 vegetation that live several years. But when the 

 plant is in danger, when by some accident the regu- 

 lar buds are lacking or insufficient, others spring into 

 being here and there at haphazard, even on the root 

 if necessary, to restore a languishing vitality and 

 put the plant once more in a flourishing condition. 

 These accidental buds are to the part of the plant 

 above the ground what adventitious roots are to the 

 part below the ground: the menace of the moment 

 calls them into existence at any endangered point. 

 The edges of the wound caused by the lopping off of 

 a branch, the part of a tree-trunk constricted by a 

 band, portions of the bark injured by contusion, 

 these are the points where they appear by preference. 

 They are called adventitious buds, but their struc- 

 ture does not differ from that of normal buds. 



"Adventitious buds lend themselves to valuable 

 uses. Suppose a number of young saplings to be 

 planted at proper intervals in the ground. If they 

 are then left to themselves these saplings grow each 

 into a single trunk and form collectively a wood or 

 forest. But it may be of advantage to replace each 



