194 Principles of Plant Culture. 



aid than the maintenance of a well-aerated, moist and 

 clean soil that stimulates the production of the needed 

 organs, which in these cases are roots. 



347. Propagation by Suckers. Suckers are shoots 

 that originate from roots or underground stems and 

 grow upward, forming young plants about the parent, 



Fig. 81 



the 



red raspberry, Rubus strigosus. 

 after. The two shoots o£ B starting 



Fig. 81. Sucker plant of 

 A, before growth has started ; B, 

 juBt above the roots form the new canes. 



Fig. 82. Tip plant of black raspberry. The bud, whence the young 

 shoot starts, appears at the base of the present cane. (After Bailey.) 



as in the blackberry, plum, choke-cherry, etc. The propa- 

 gation consists in simply cutting ofE the root or under- 

 ground stem whence the sucker proceeds, and trans- 

 planting the latter. 



The growth of suckers may generally be stimulated in 

 plants that naturally produce them, by cutting off the 

 roots or underground stems from which they grow, or 

 by severely pruning the top. 



The propagation of woody plants from suckers is not, 

 as a rule, considered wise, since the roots are usually 

 poorly developed in proportion to the stem, and some 

 plants grown in this manner seem to acquire the ten- 

 dency to form suckers excessively. In the red rasp- 



