Propagation by Grafting. 223 



spring, and are commonly stored, until needed for use, 

 in a cool cellar packed in moist sawdust, moss or leaves. 

 In climates of severe winters, they should always be cut 

 in autumn. Cions should not be kept so moist as to cause 

 swelling of th- ebuds or the formation of a callus (72), 

 nor so dry as to cause shriveling. 



In cion grafting the proximal end of the cion (115) 

 is joined to the distal end of the stock if the stock is a 

 stem, or to the proximal end if it is a root in such a 

 way that the cambium layers of the two coincide in at 

 least one place. Cion grafting in the open air is usu- 

 ally most successful when performed just before or 

 during the resumption of active growth in spring, and 

 the cion is thought to unite more readily if in a slightly 

 more dormant condition than the stock, possibly owing 

 to its more ready absorption of water when in this 

 state. 



The joints made in cion grafting are generally coated 

 with a thin layer of grafting-wax (387) or bound in 

 grafting-paper, cloth or cord (3^, 3o9), to prevent 

 evaporation and to keep out water. Sometimes the whole 

 exposed part of the cion is waxed. 



387. To Make Grafting--Wax for cleft-grafting (392), 

 melt together four parts, by weight, of unbleached rosin, 

 two parts of beeswax and one part of beef tallow; pour 

 into water, and when sufficiently cool, work with the 

 hands* until the mass assumes a buff color; make into 

 rolls and wrap with parafined (waxed) paper to pre- 

 vent the rolls from sticking together. Several other for- 

 mulae are in use. 



* The hands should be greased before touching the wax to prevent 

 sticking. 



