Propagation by Grafting. 227 



Some nurserymen prefer to make but a single stock 

 from one root ("whole-root" grafts). 



Different nurserymen cut the cions for root-grafts 

 from two to six inches long. In climates subject to 

 drought in summer and severe freezing in winter, the 



Fig. 111. Shaping the cions for root-grafting. A, making the 

 "long cut ;" B, cutting the "tongue ;" C, cutting oflE the cion. These 

 positions, and the moyemeuts they Indicate, are adapted to rapid work. 



longer cions are more satisfactory, since they permit 

 the stock to be covered to a greater depth, and encour- 

 age rooting from the cion, which is sometimes regarded 

 as an advantage. 



Eoot-grafts should be stored until the time for plant- 

 out, as directed for cions (386). 



392. Cleft-Grafting is generally employed when the 

 stock is considerably thicker than the cion. The cut-off 

 end of the stock is split across its' center, with the graft- 

 ing chisel (Fig. 112), and the proximal end of the cion 

 (115), which is cut wedge-shaped and a little thicker on 

 one edge than the other, is so inserted into the cleft 

 that the cambium of the thicker edge of the cion forms 

 a line vsdth the cambium of the stock (Figs. 113, 114, 

 115). Success is promoted if the wedge-shaped por- 

 tion of the cion contains a bud on its thicker edge. 

 When the stock exceeds an inch in thickness, two cions 



