228 Principles of Plant Culture. 



are usually inserted (Pig. 114), to increase the chances 

 of success. The elasticity of the stock- should exert 

 sufficient pressure to maintain very close contact 

 between it and the /^ cion; otherwise it should 

 be tightly bound Im with cord or raffia (393), 

 The cions should I jm contain at least one bud be- 

 yond the end of l(jf the stock. The wedge-shaped 

 cut is usually |;|| made about one inch long, 



and the cion should be in- 

 serted into the cleft as far 

 as the length of the 

 wedge, after which all 

 the exposed wounded 

 surfaces, including 



Fig. 113. Fig. 114. 



Fig. 115. 



Fig. 112. ■ Grafting 

 chisel for making the 

 cleft in cleft-grafting. 

 The point at the 

 right is for holding 

 the cleft open during 

 insertion of cions. 

 The projection above 

 is for driving this 

 point in or out; one- 

 fifth natural size. 



Fig. 113. Cion shaped ready for insertion 

 in cleft. (After Bailey.) 



Fig. 114. Cions inserted in cleft, ready 

 for waxing. 



Fig. 115. Cross-section of Fig. 113 (after 

 Maynard). C. cambium layer of stock; 

 C, cambium layer of cion. The cambium 

 layers of the outer edge of the cion should 

 form a continuous line vrith those of the 

 stock. The cion is made a little thinner 

 at its inner edge to permit the pressure of 

 the stock to be exerted at the outer edge. 



the distal end of the cion, should be coated with graft- 

 ing-wax (387). 



Cleft-grafting is most used in top-grafting old trees. 

 Four to six of the main branches, located as nearly 



