300 



Inde.i 



Variation, and heredity, 16 ; how 

 can we produce, 274 : may take 

 place in any direction, 17 ; pro- 

 duced by crossing, 275 ; pro- 

 duced by culture, 274 ; pro- 

 duced by growing seedlings, 

 275. 



Variations, how to fix desirable, 

 272 ; not always permanent, 

 272. 



Varieties, 18 ; origin af culti- 

 Tated, 271. 



Vascvilar bundles defined, 51. 



Vegetables, cracks in caused by 

 excessive moisture, 140. 



Ventilation, hotbeds require care 

 in, 70 : soil needs, 69. 



Veneer grafting, 230. 



Vermorel nozzle, 174. 



Visor defined, 12 ; of plautlet pro- 

 portionate to size of seed, 38 ; 

 tendencies of reduced, 13. 



Vital part of woody stems, 55. 



Warmth essential to germination, 

 25. 



Washing the roots of puddled 

 plants, 243. 



W^ater, adequate supply of most 

 importance, 4."> ; excess of, re- 

 tard.s germination, 29 ; exces- 

 sive in soil destroys roots, 137 ; 

 force causing to rise in stems, 

 fi2 ; insufBclent, how affecting 

 plants, 142 ; manuring increas- 

 es capacity of soil for, 45 : of 

 plants almost wholly absorbed 

 l3y root-hairs, 46 ; only young- 

 est roots absorb, 74 ; plants 

 contain large amounts of, 57 ; 

 root-hairs absorb, with force, 



Water — 



73 ; seeds absorb, by contact, 

 22 



Water-sprouts on fruit trees, 140. 



Water supply, unfavoraljle, the 

 plant as affected by, 137. 



Watering, excessive, may produce 

 a dropsical condition, 139 ; co- 

 pious, at intervals preferable to 

 frequent slight watering, 138 : 

 injudicious, 138 ; of potted 

 plants, 70 ; recently-transplant- 

 ed plants, 251. 



Weeds. ] 87 ; annual, biennial and 

 perennial. 187 : cause deficient 

 light in low-growing crops, 148 ; 

 how destroyed, 63 ; plants as 

 affected by, 187. 



Wet-bulb depression, 133. 



Whip-grafting, 225. 



White grubs," 163. 



White hellebore, 106. 



Whole-root grafts, 227. 



Wind breaks. 129. 



Wind, excessive, effect of, on 

 plants, 150 ; insufficient, effect 

 on the plant, 150 ; insufficient, 

 promotes damage from frost, 

 151 ; insufficient, promotes de- 

 velopment of fungous parasites, 

 150 ; tends to avert frost, 134 ; 

 unfavorable, how affecting the 

 plant, 150. 



Wood ashes, 158. 



Woodchucks, damage from, 161. 



Wood, darkening of, 124. 



Wood, maturity of, favored by a 

 dry soil, 127 ; by pinching ter- 

 minal buds, 128 ; indicated by 

 leaf fall, 113. 



Wounds, healing of, 56 ; unhealed, 

 introduce decay, 256. 



