STUDY 10. 
A STONEWORT. Chara. 
A. Vegetative Stage. 
1. With m. observe that the primary or main axis of 
the plant body consists of joints (nodes) and of 
segments (internodes). Are all the internodes 
of equal length? Why? 
2. The circle (whorl) of thread-like structures on the 
main axis are dwarf branches. Where are they 
attached and of what do they consist ? 
3. Observe the origin of a secondary axis (branch) with 
reference to the dwarf branches. Does it arise 
from the distal or proximal angle? 
4. Find an apical bud at the distal end of a primary or 
secondary axis. How do its parts compare with 
the regions already studied? Make a sketch of 
an apical bud. 
5. With scissors make a transverse section of a large 
internode and study with m. the arrangement of 
the outer (cortical) cells and the inner (internodal) 
cell. 
6. Make a drawing of an internode section. 
7. Are hair-like filaments (rhizoids) attached to the 
proximal regions? If so, where? Sketch rhi- 
zoids. 
8. Observe the extent and direction of the cortical 
cells. Why are they so arranged? 
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