12. 
13. 
14. 
A FERN PLANT. 29 
Identify epidermis (protective tissue), parenchyma 
(softer storage tissue), vascular bundles (conductive 
and supporting tissue), and sclerenchyma (storage 
and supporting tissue). Study the structure of 
the epidermis, also the form and distribution of 
the various other tissues. 
Draw and name the parts. 
Study with l.p. and h.p. the epidermis from the 
dorsal (lower) surface of the lamina, and observe 
the form and structure of the cells, also the num- 
ber, form, and arrangement of the stomates and 
of their guard cells. 
Draw and designate parts. 
(b) The Reproductive Portion. 
Find clusters of fruiting structures (sori). On 
which surface of the lobes are they? How are 
they distributed ? 
If a protective structure (indusium) is present, what 
is its origin and form ? 
With m. study a single fruit cluster (sorus). Find 
the minute oval bodies (sporangia) and note their 
arrangement and attachment. 
With l.p. and h.p. study a sporangium and find its 
short stalk (pedicel). 
In an unbroken sporangium study the form and 
arrangement of the cells. The outer row of 
darker cells is the annulus. Find a sporangium 
in which the wall is broken. Where, with refer- 
ence to the annulus, did the wall break? Why? 
What is the form of the spores?, Why so abun- 
dant? How are they distributed ? 
