PART II. 
GROUP V. SPERMATOPHYTES. SEED PLANTS. 
STUDY 1. 
SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS. 
(a) BEAN OR PUMPKIN. 
A. External Structure. 
1. How does the seed differ in an edge and a side view? 
2. Where is the scar (hilum) and what is its purpose? 
3. Find two other small markings. How are they 
situated with reference to the hilum? One, a 
minute opening, is the micropyle; the other, a small 
blister-like elevation, is the chalaza. 
4. Make drawings of a side view and of the hilum 
margin, designating all parts. 
B. Internal Structure. 
1. Cut open the seed-coat (testa) along the margin 
opposite to the hilum and carefully remove. 
What form has this coat and what is its use? 
What relation do hilum, micropyle, and chalaza 
have to it? 
2. Find the small cup-shaped structure on the inner 
surface of the testa and discover what fits into it; 
with needle find into what it opens. 
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