58 STUDIES OF PLANT LIFE. 
4. Make a cross-section of an ovulary and with m. note 
the number of carpels and their relation, also the 
number, position, and place of attachment (pla- 
centa) of small bodies, the ovules, each of which 
contains a sporangium. Make a drawing and 
designate parts. 
5. Make transverse and longitudinal sectional diagrams 
of the flower, showing the number, general form, 
and relation of all floral parts. 
6. Write a floral formula, which consists of the parts 
arranged in regular order, the number of each 
series being placed in its proper position. <A line 
above the number indicates the union of like parts, 
and a line below connecting two series indicates 
union of unlike parts, e.g.:— 
SEPALS PETALS STAMENS CaRPELS 
5 5 5 3 
B. Some Modifications. 
1. Study other flowers and compare with the type 
flower. 
(a) Are all the series present (complete)? If not, 
which are lacking ? 
(6) Are the petals alike in form and size (regular) 
or unlike (irregular) ? 
(¢) Are both stamens and pistils present (perfect) ? 
(@) Are the petals free from (polypetalous) or united 
to each other (sympetalous) ? 
(e) Are all the parts borne on the receptacle? If 
not, to what are they attached? 
2. Make drawings and diagrams as indicated in the 
Type Flower and write the floral formula. 
