80 APPENDIX II. 
larly the blueberries and other rare plants. What is the land 
surface? What kind of soil is found? Observe the ridge and 
estimate its width and elevation. Can you explain it? 
2. Observe the ditch of running water along the margin of 
the woods. What plants do you find in the water? Are they 
flowering plants? What do they live on? 
3. In the southeast corner of the woods observe the mois- 
ture of the soil. What plants do you find? Why are there 
not more herbs? Examine the skunk-cabbage (the very large- 
leaved herb). Notice its odor. Can you find any flowers ? 
4. What trees are here? Do they seem to thrive? How 
can you tell ? 
5. Observe the fungi on the trunks of the trees. Explain 
their presence. 
6. Do you observe any birds ? 
7. Observe the “mushrooms” on the ground. Try and 
find whether or not they grow directly from the soil. 
8. Walk northwest. Do the plants change in kind? 
Why? 
9. How do you account for the rich, black soil ? 
10. Remove some bark from a fallen tree and observe the 
white felted threads “ mycelium” of the tree fungus. What is 
their purpose ? 
11. Observe the small area of may-apples. Why are they 
not everywhere ? 
12. What other plants grow with them ? 
13. Study the open, grassy place. How do the plants differ 
from those in the woods ? 
14. Note the difference in shape of the scattered trees from 
those in the woods. Why? - 
15. Explain the blackberry patch. Study the prickles. 
16. What plants are found in the “patch”? 
17. Examine the hawthorns and study the thorns. What 
use have they? Observe the odor of the flowers. 
18. Observe the red honeysuckle. How is it benefited by 
