Vlii CONTENTS. 



Page 

 CHAPTER III. 



COMPARISON OF THE MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND 

 THE LOWER ANIMALS. 



The difference in mental power between the highest ape and the 

 lowest savage, immense — Certain instincts in common — The emo- 

 tions — Curiosity— Imitation — Attention— Memory — Imagination- 

 Reason— Progressive improvement — Tools and weapons used by 

 animals— Abstraction, Self-consciousness— Language — Sense of 

 beauty— Belief in God, spiritual agencies, superstitions $3 



CHAPTER IV. 



COMPARISON OF THE MENTAL POWERS OP MAN AND 

 THE LOWER ANIMALS— Continued. 



The moral sense— Fundamental proposition— The qualities of so- 

 cial animals— Origin of sociability— Struggle between opposed in- 

 stincts — Man a social animal — the more enduring social instincts 

 conquer other less persistent instincts — The social virtues alone 

 regarded by savages— The self-regarding virtues acquired at a 

 later stage of development — The importance of the judgment of 

 the members of the same community on conduct— Transmission 

 of moral tendencies— Summary 94 



CHAPTER Y. 



ON THE DEVELOPMENT OP THE INTELLECTUAL AND 

 MORAL FACULTIES DURING PRIMEVAL AND CIVIL- 

 IZED TIMES. 



Advancement of the intellectual powers through natural selec- 

 tion — Importance of imitation — Social and moral faculties — Their 

 development within the limits of the same tribe— Natural selec- 

 tion as affecting civilized nations— Evidence that civilized na- 

 tions were once barbarous 124 



CHAPTER VI. 



ON THE AFFINITIES AND GENEALOGY OP MAN. 



Position of man in the animal series— The natural system genea- 

 logical—Adaptive characters of slight value — Various small points 

 of resemblance between man and the Quadrumana- Rank of 

 man in the natural system— Birthplace and antiquity of man^ 

 Absence of fossil connecting-links— Lower stages in the geneal- 

 ogy of man, as Inferred, firstly from his affinities and secondly 

 from his structure— Early androgynous condition of the Verte- 

 brata — Conclusion 142 



