MANNER OF DEVELOPMENT. 47 



ority to his intellectual faculties, to his social habits, which lead 

 him to aid and defend his fellows, and to his corporeal structure. 

 The supreme importance of these characters has been proved by 

 the final arbitrament of the battle for life. Through his powers 

 of intellect, articulate language has been evolved; and on this his 

 wonderful advancement has mainly depended. As Mr. Chauncey 

 Wright remarks:"" "a psychological analysis of the faculty of lan- 

 "guage shows, that even the smallest proficiency in it might re- 

 "cLuire more brain power than the greatest proficiency in any other 

 "direction." He has invented and is able to use various weapons, 

 tools, traps, &c., with which he defends himself, kills or catches 

 prey, and otherwise obtains food. He has made rafts or canoes 

 for fishing or crossing over to neighboring fertile islands. He 

 has discovered the art of making fire, by which hard and stringy 

 roots can be rendered digestible, and poisonous roots or herbs 

 innocuous. This discovery of fire, probably the greatest ever 

 made by man, excepting language, dates from before the dawn of 

 history. These several inventions, by which man in the rudest 

 state has become so preeminent, are the direct results of the devel- 

 opment of his powers of observation, memory, curiosity, imagina- 

 tion, and reason. I cannot, therefore, understand how it is that 

 Mr. Wallace" maintains, that "natural selection could only have 

 "endowed the savage with a brain a little superior to that of an 

 "ape." 



Although the intellectual powers and social habits of man are 

 of paramount importance to him, we must not underrate the im- 

 portance of his bodily structure, to which subject the remainder of 

 this chapter will be devoted; the development of the intellectual 

 and social or moral faculties being discussed in a later chapter. 



Even to hammer with precision is no easy matter, as every one 



" Limits of Natural Selection, 'North American Review,' Oct, 1870, 

 p. 295. 



"'Quarterly Review,' April, 1869, p. 392. This subject is more fully 

 discussed in Mr. Wallace's 'Contributions to the Theory of Natural 

 Selection,' 1870, in which all the essays referred to in this work are 

 republished. The 'Essay on Man' has been ably criticized by Prof. 

 Claparede, one of the most distingulshsd zoologists in Europe, in an 

 article published in the 'Bibliotheque Universelle,' June, 1870. The re- 

 mark quoted in my text will surprise every one who has read Mr. 

 Wallace's celebrated paper* on 'The Origin of Human Races deduced 

 from the Theory of Natural Selection,' originally published in the 'An- 

 thropological Review,' May, 1864, p. clviii. I cannot here resist quot- 

 ing a most just remark by Sir J. Lubbock ('Prehistoric Times,' 1885, 

 p. 479) in reference to this paper, namely, that Mr. Wallace, "with 

 "characteristic unselfishness, ascribes it (i. e. the idea of natural selec- 

 "tion) unreservedly to Mr. Darwin, although, as is well known, he 

 "struck out the idea independently, and published it, though not with 

 "the same elaboration, at the same time." 



