68 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



writer quaintly says," "A dog is the only thing on this earth 

 "that luvs you more than he luvs himself." 



In the agony of death a dog has been known to caress his 

 master, and every one has heard of the dog suffering under vivi- 

 section, who licked the hand of the operator; this man, unless the 

 operation was fully justified by an increase of our knowledge, 

 or unless he had a heart of stone, must have felt remorse to the 

 last hour of his life. 



As WhewelP" has well asked, "who that reads the touching 

 "instances of maternal affection, related so often of the women of 

 "all nations, and of the females of all animals, can doubt that the 

 "principle of action is the same in the two cases?" We see mater- 

 nal affection exhibited in the most trifling details; thus Rengger 

 observed an American monkey (a Cebus) carefully driving away 

 the flies which plagued her infant; and Duvaucel saw a Hylobates 

 washing the faces of her young ones in a stream. So intense is 

 the grief of female monkeys for the loss of their young, that 

 it invariably caused the death of certain kinds kept under confine- 

 ment by Brehm in N. Africa. Orphan monkeys were always 

 adopted and carefully guarded by the other monkeys, both males 

 and females. One female baboon had so capacious a heart that 

 she not only adopted young monkeys of other species, but stole 

 young dogs and cats, which she continually carried about. Her 

 kindness, however, did not go so far as to share her food with 

 her adopted offspring, at which Brehm was surprised, as his 

 monkeys always divided everything quite fairly with their own 

 young ones. An adopted kitten scratched this affectionate baboon, 

 who certainly had a fine intellect, for she was much astonished at 

 being scratched, and immediately examined the kitten's feet, and 

 without more ado bit off the claws." In the Zoological Gardens, 

 I heard from the keeper that an old baboon (C. chacma) had 

 adopted a Rhesus monkey; but when a young drill and mandrill 

 were placed in the cage, she seemed to perceive that these 

 monkeys-, though distinct species, were her nearer relatives, for 

 she at once rejected the Rhesus and adopted both of them. The 

 young Rhesus, as I saw, was greatly discontented at being thus 

 rejected, and it wculd, like a naughty child, annoy and attack the 

 young drill and mandrill whenever it could do so with safety; this 

 conduct exciting great indignation in the old baboon. Monkeys 



8 Quoted by Dr. Lauder Lindsay, in his 'Physiology of Mind in the 

 Lower Animals;' 'Journal of Mental Science,' April, 1871, p. 38. 



i» 'Bridge water Treatise,' p. 263. 



" A critic, without any grounds ('Quarterly Review,' July, 1871, p. 

 72), disputes the possibility of this act as described by Brehm, for the 

 sake of discrediting my work. Therefore I tried, and found that I 

 could readily seize with my own teeth the sharp little claws of a 

 kitten nearly five weeks old. 



