146 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



Cuvier to the most recent one by Mr. Flower/ seals are ranked 

 as a mere family in the Order of the Carnivora. If man had not 

 been his own classifier, he would never have thought of founding 

 a separate order for his own reception. 



It would be beyond my limits, and quite beyond my knowledge, 

 even to name the innumerable points of structure in which man 

 agrees with the other Primates. Our great anatomist and phil- 

 osopher. Prof. Huxley, has fully discussed this subject," and con- 

 cludes that man In all parts of his organization differs less from 

 the higher apes, than these do from the lower members of the 

 same group. Consequently there "Is no justification for placing 

 "man in a distinct order." 



In an early part of this work I brought forward various facts, 

 showing how closely man agrees in constitution with the higher 

 mammals; and this agreement must depend on our close sim- 

 ilarity in minute structure and chemical composition. I gave, 

 as instances, our liability to the same diseases, and to the attacks 

 of allied parasites; our tastes in common for the same stiniu 

 lants, and the similar effects produced by them, as well as by 

 various drugs, and other such facts. 



As small unimportant points of resemblance between man and 

 the Quadrumana are not commonly noticed in systematic works, 

 and as, when numerous, they clearly reveal our relationship, I 

 will specify a few such points. The relative position of our fea- 

 tures is manifestly the same; and the various emotions are dis- 

 played by nearly similar movements of the muscles and skin, 

 chiefly above the eyebrows and round the mouth. Some few 

 expressions are, indeed, almost the same, as in the weeping of 

 certain kinds of monkeys and in the laughing noise made by 

 others, during which the corners of the mouth are drawn back- 

 wards, and the lower eyelids wrinkled. The external ears are 

 curiously alike. In man the nose is much more prominent than 

 in most monkeys; but we may trace the commencement of an 

 aquiline curvature in the nose of the Hoolock Gibbon; and this 

 in the Semnopithecus nasica is carried to a ridiculous extreme. 



The faces of many monkeys are ornamented with beards, whis- 

 kers, or moustaches. The hair on the head grows to a great 

 length in some species of Semnopithecus;" and In the Bonnet 

 monkey (Macacus radiatus) it radiates from a point on the crown, 

 with a parting down the middle. It is commonly said that the 

 forehead gives to man his noble and intellectual appearance; but 

 the thick hair on the head of the Bonnet monkey terminates 

 downwards abruptly, and is succeeded by hair so short and fine 



* 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc' 1863, p. 4. 



^ 'Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature,' 1863, p. 70, et passim. 



» Isid. Geoftroy, 'Hist. Nat. Gen.' tom. il. 1859, p. 217. 



