164 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



and in liability to certain diseases. Their mental characteristics 

 are likewise very distinct; chiefly as it would appear in their 

 emotional, but partly in their intellectual faculties. Every one 

 who has had the opportunity of comparison, must have been 

 struck with the contrast between the taciturn, even morose, 

 aborigines of S. America and the light-hearted, talkative negroes. 

 There is a nearly similar contrast between the Malays and the 

 Papuans,-* who live under the same physical conditions, and are 

 separated from each other only by a narrow space of sea. 



We will first consider the arguments which may be advanced 

 in favor of classing the races of man as distinct species, and 

 then the arguments on the other side. If a naturalist, who had 

 never before seen a Negro, Hottentot, Australian, or Mongolian, 

 were to compare them, he would at once perceive that they 

 differed in a multitude of characters, some of slight and some of 

 considerable importance. On inquiry he would find that they 

 were adapted to live under widely different climates, and that 

 they differed somewhat in bodily constitution and mental dis- 

 position. If he were then told that hundreds of similar specimens 

 could be brought from the same countries, he would assuredly 

 declare that they were as good species as many to which he had 

 been in the habit of aflSxing specific names. This conclusion 

 would be greatly strengthened as soon as he had ascertained that 

 these forms had all retained the same character for many cen- 

 turies; and that negroes, apparently identical with existing 

 negroes, had lived at least 4000 years ago.'' He would also hear, 

 on the authority of an excellent observer. Dr. Lund," that the 



< Wallace, 'The Malay Archlpelag-o,' vol. ii. 1S69, p. 178. 



"i With respect to the figures in the famous Egyptian caves of Abou- 

 Slmbel. M. Pouohet says ('The Plurality of the Human Races,' Eng. 

 translat. 1864, p. 50), that he was far from finding recognizable repre- 

 sentations of the dozen or more nations which some authors believe 

 that they can recognize. Even some of the most strongly-marked 

 races cannot be Identified with that degree of unanimity which might 

 have been expected from what has been written on the subject. Thus 

 Messrs. Nott and Gliddon ('Types of Mankind,' p. 148) state that 

 Rameses n., or the Great, has features superbly European; whereas 

 Knox, another firm believer in the specific distinctness of the races 

 of man ('Races of Man,' 1860, p. 201), speaking of young Memnon (the 

 same as Rameses II., as I am informed by Mr. Birch), insists in the 

 strongest manner that he is Identical in character with the Jews of 

 Antwerp. Again, when I looked at the statute of Amunoph III., I 

 agreed with two officers of the establishment, both competent judges, 

 that he had a strongly marked negro type of features; but Messrs. 

 Nott and Gliddon (ibid. p. 146, fig. 53) describe him as a hybrid but 

 not of "negro intermixture." 



"As quoted by Nott and Gliddon, 'Types of Mankind,' 1854, p. 439. 

 They give also corroborative evidence; but C. Vogt thinks that the 

 subject requires further Investigation. 



