THE RACES OF MAN. 169 



ordinary result of a cross is the production of a blended or inter- 

 mediate form; but in certain cases some of the offspring take 

 closely after one parent-form, and some after the other. This is 

 especially apt to occur when the parents differ in characters 

 which first appeared as sudden variations or monstrosities.^' I 

 refer to this point, because Dr. Rohlfs informs me that he has 

 frequently seen in Africa the offspring of negroes crossed with 

 members of other races, either completely black or completely 

 white, or rarely piebald. On the other hand, it is notorious that 

 in America mulattoes commonly present an intermediate appear- 

 ance. 



We have now seen that a naturalist might feel himself fully 

 justified in ranking the races of man as distinct species; for he 

 has found that they are distinguished by many differences in 

 structure and constitution, some being of importance. These 

 differences have, also, remained nearly constant for very long 

 periods of time. Our naturalist will have been in some degree 

 influenced by the enormous range of man, which is a great 

 anomaly in the class of mammals, if mankind be viewed as a 

 single species. He will have been struck with the distribution of 

 the several so-called races, which accords with that of other 

 undoubtedly distinct species of mammals. Finally, he might 

 urge that the mutual fertility of all the races has not as yet been 

 fully proved, and even if proved would not be an absolute proof 

 of their specific identity. 



On the other side of the question, if our supposed naturalist 

 were to inquire whether the forms of man keep distinct like 

 ordinary species, when mingled together in large numbers in the 

 same country, he would immediately discover that this was by 

 no means the case. In Brazil he would behold an immense mon- 

 grel population of Negroes and Portuguese; in Chiloe, and other 

 parts of South America, he would behold the whole population 

 consisting of Indians and Spaniards blended in various degrees." 

 In many parts of the same continent he would meet with the 

 most complex crosses between Negroes, Indians, and Europeans; 

 and judging from the vegetable kingdom, such triple crosses 

 afford the severest test of the mutual fertility of the parent-forms. 

 In one island of the Pacific he would find a small population of 

 mingled Polynesian and English blood; and in the Fiji Archi- 

 pelago a population of Polynesian and Negritos crossed in all 

 degrees. Many analogous cases could be added; for instance, in 



1= 'The Variation of Animals," &c., vol. ii. p. 92. 



'° M. de Quatrefages has given ('Anthropolog. Review,' Jan. 1869, p. 22) 

 an interesting account of the success and energy of the Paulistas in 

 Brazil, who are a. much crossed race of Portuguese and Indians, with 

 a. mixture of the blood of other races. 



