ORTHOPTERA. 



281 



"successful musician caresses with his antennae the mate he has 

 "won."" Dr. Scudder was able to excite one of these insects to 

 answer him by rubbing on a file with a quill.'"' In both sexes a re- 

 markable auditory apparatus has been discovered by Von Siebold, 

 situated in the front legs.'* 



In the three Families the sounds are differently produced. In 

 the males of the Achetidee both wing-covers have the same ap- 

 paratus; sftid this in the field-cricket (Gryllus campestris, fig. 11) 

 consists, as described by Landols/* of from 131 to 138 sharp, trans- 

 verse ridges or teeth (st) on the under side of one of the nervures 



Fig. 11. Gryllus campestris (from Landois). 



Right-hand figure, under side of part of a 



wing-nervure, much magnified, showing the 



teeth, St. 

 Left-hand figure, upper surface of wing-cover, 



with the projecting, smooth nervure r, across 



which the teeth (st) are scraped. 



Fig. 12. Teeth of 

 Nervure of Gryl- 

 lus domesticus 

 (from Landois). 



of the wing-cover. This toothed nervure is rapidly scraped across 

 a projecting, smooth, hard nervure (r) on the upper surface of 

 the opposite wing. First one wing is rubbed over the other, and 

 then the movement is reversed. Both wings are raised a little 

 at the same time, so as to increase the resonance. In some spe- 

 cies the wing-covers of the males are furnished at the base with 

 a talc-like plate.''' I here give a drawing (fig. 12) of the teeth 



SI 'The Naturalist on the Amazons,' vol. i. 1863, p. 252. Mr. Bates 

 gives a very interesting discussion on the gradations in the musical 

 apparatus of the three families. See, also, Westwood, 'Modern 

 Class.' vol. ii. pp. 445 and 453. 



=2 'Proo. Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.' vol. xi. April 1868. 



=" 'Nouveau Manuel d'Anat. Comp.' (French translat.), tom.< i. 1850, 

 p. 567. 



1* 'Zeitschrift fur wissenschaft. Zoolog." B. xvii. 1867, s. 117. 



^ Westwood, 'Modern Class, of Insects,' vol. i. p. 440. 



