ORTHOPTERA. 285 



characters of many other animals. They must have been inde- 

 pendently developed in the two sexes, which no doubt mutually 

 call to each other during the season of love. In most other Lo- 

 custidse (but not according to Landois in Decticus) the females 



Fig. 15. Pneumora (from specimens in the British Museum). Upper 

 figure, male; lower figijre, female. 



have rudiments of the stridulatory organs proper to the male; 

 from whom it is probable that these have been transferred. Lan- 

 dois also found such rudiments on the under surface of the wing- 

 covers of the female Achetidse, and on the femora of the female 

 Acridiidse. In the Homoptera, also, the females have the proper 

 musical apparatus in a functionless state; and we shall hereafter 

 meet in other divisions of the animal kingdom with many in- 

 stances of structures proper to the male being present in a rudi- 

 mentary condition in the female. 



