MAMMALS— ORNAMENTAL, COLORS. 531 



hair are more fully developed. In the male of that magnificent 

 antelope, the Derbyan eland, the body is redder, the whole neck 

 much blacker, and the white band which separates these colors, 

 broader, than in the female. In the Cape eland also, the male is 

 slightly darker than the female.=" 



In the Indian black-buck (A. bezoartica), which belongs to an- 

 other tribe of antelopes, the male is very dark, almost black; 

 whilst the hornless female Is fawn-colored. We meet in this 

 species, as Mr. Blyth informs me, with an exactly similar series 

 of facts, as in the Portax picta, namely, in the male periodically 

 changing color during the breeding-season, in the effects of emas- 

 culation on this change, and in the young of both sexes being 

 indistinguishable from each other. In the Antilope niger the 

 male is black, the female, as well as the young of both sexes, 

 being brown; in A. sing-sing the male is much brighter colored 

 than the hornless female, and his chest and belly are blacker; 

 in the male A. caama, the marks and lines which occur on various 

 parts of the body are black, instead of brown as in the female; 

 in the brindled gnu (A. gorgon) "the colors of the male are 

 "nearly the same as those of the female, only deeper and of a 

 "brighter hue."-" Other analogous cases could be added. 



The Banteng bull (Bos sondaicus) of the Malayan Archipelago 

 is almost black, with white legs and buttocks; the cow is of a 

 bright dun, as are the young males until about the age of three 

 years, when they rapidly change color. The emasculated bull 

 reverts to the color of the female. The female Kemas goat is 

 paler, and both it and the female Capra segagrus are said to be 

 more uniformly tinted than their males. Deer rarely present 

 any sexual differences in color. Judge Caton, however, informs 

 me that in the males of the wapiti deer (Cervus canadensis) the 

 neck, belly, and legs are much darker than in the female; but 

 during the winter the darker tints gradually fade away and dis- 

 appear. I may here mention that Judge Caton has in his park 

 three races of the Virginian deer, which differ slightly in color, 

 but the differences are almost exclusively confined to the blue 



2= Dr. Gray, 'Cat. of Mamm. In Brit. Mus." part lii. 1852, pp. 134-142; 

 also. Dr. Gray, 'Gleanings from the Menagerie of Knowsley,' in which 

 there is a splendid drawing of the Oreas derhianus: see the text on 

 Tragelaphus. For the Cape eland (Oreas canna), see Andrew Smith, 

 'Zoology of S. Africa,' pi. 41 and 42. There are also many of these 

 antelopes in the Zoological Gardens. 



20 On the Ant. niger, see 'Proc. Zool. Soc' 1850, p. 133. With respect 

 to an allied species, in which there is an equal sexual difference in 

 color, see Sir S. Baker, 'The Albert Nyanza,' 1866, vol. ii. p. 327. For 

 the A. sing-sing, Gray, 'Cat. B. Mus.' p. 100. Desmarest, 'Mammalo- 

 gie,' p. 468, on the A. caama. Andrew Smith, 'Zoology of S. Africa,' 

 on the Gnu. 



