552 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



in the fields and are quite unclotlied, it is not likely that they 

 differ in color from the men owing to less exposure to the weath- 

 er. European women are perhaps the brighter colored of the 

 two sexes, as may be seen when both have been equally ex- 

 posed. 



Man is more courageous, pugnacious and energetic than woman, 

 and has a more inventive genius. His brain is absolutely larger, 

 but whether or not proportionately to his larger body, has not, I 

 believe, been fully ascertained. In woman the face is rounder; 

 the jaws and the base of the skull smaller; the outlines of- the 

 body rounder, in parts more prominent; and her pelvis is broader 

 than in man;^ but this latter character may perhaps be considered 

 rather as a primary than a secondary sexual character. She 

 comes to maturity at an earlier age than man. 



As with animals of all classes, so with man, the distinctive 

 characters of the male sex are not fully developed until he is 

 nearly mature; and if emasculated they never appear. The 

 beard, for instance, is a secondary sexual character, and male 

 children are beardless, though at an early age they have abundant 

 hair on the head. It is probably due to the rather late appearance 

 in life of the successive variations whereby man has acquired his 

 masculine characters, that they are transmitted to the male sex 

 alone. Male and female children' resemble each other closely, 

 like the young of so many other animals in which the adult sexes 

 differ widely; they likewise resemble the mature female much 

 more closely than the mature male. The female, however, ulti- 

 mately assumes certain distinctive characters, and in the forma- 

 tion of her skull, is said to be intermediate between the child 

 and the man.^ Again, as the young of closely allied though dis- 

 tinct species do not differ nearly so much from each other as do 

 the adults, so it is with the children of the different races of man. 

 Some have even maintained that race-differences cannot he de- 

 tected in the infantile skull.' In regard to color, the new-born 

 negro child is reddish nut-brown, which soon becomes slaty-gray; 

 the black color being fully developed within a year in the Soudan, 

 but not until three years in Egypt. The eyes of the negro are at 

 first blue, and the hair chestnut-brown rather than black, being 

 curled only at the ends. The children of the Australians imme- 

 diately after birth are yellowish-brown, and become dark at a 

 later age. Those of the Guaranys of Paraguay are whitish-yellow, 



3 Ecker, translation in 'Anthropological Review,' Oct. 186S, pp. SSI- 

 SOB. Tile comparison of tlie form of tlie skull in men and women has 

 been followed out with much care by "Welcker. 



* Ecker and Welcker, ibid. p. 352, 353; Vogt, 'Lectures on Man,' Eng. 

 translat. p. 81. 



^ Schaaffhausen, 'Anthropolog. Review,' ibid. p. 429. 



