MAN— SEXUAL DIFFERENCES. 553 



but they acquire in the course of a few weeks the yellowish-brown 

 tint of their parents. Similar observations have been made in 

 other parts of America." 



I have specified the foregoing differences between the male and 

 female sex in mankind, because they are curiously like those of 

 the Quadrumana. With these animals the female is mature at 

 an earlier age than the male; at least this is certainly the case in 

 the Cebus azarse.' The males of most species are larger and 

 stronger than the females, of which fact the gorilla affords a well- 

 known instance. Even in so trifling a character as the greater 

 prominence of the superciliary ridge, the males of certain monkeys 

 differ from the females,' and agree in this respect with mankind. 

 In the gorilla and certain other monkeys, the cranium of the 

 adult male presents a strongly-marked sagittal crest, which is 

 absent in the female; and Ecker found a trace of a similar dif- 

 ference between the two sexes in the Australians." With monkeys 

 when there is any difference in the voice, that of the male is the 

 more powerful. We have seen that certain male monkeys have 

 a well-developed beard, which is quite deficient, or much less de- 

 veloped in the female. No instance is known of the beatd, whis- 

 kers, or moustache being larger in the female than in the male 

 monkey. Even in the color of the beard there is a curious paral- 

 lelism between man and the Quadrumana, for with man when 

 the beard differs in color from the hair of the head, as is commonly 

 the case, it is, I believe, almost always of a lighter tint, being 

 often reddish. I have repeatedly observed this fact in England; 

 but two gentlemen have lately written to me, saying that they 

 form an exception to the rule. One of these gentlemen accounts 

 for the fact by the wide difference in color of the hair on the 

 paternal and maternal sides, of his family. Both had been long 

 aware of this peculiarity (one of them having often been accused 

 of dyeing his beard), and had been thus led to observe other men, 

 and were convinced that the exceptions were very rare. Dr. 

 Hooker attended to this little point for me in Russia, and found 

 no exception to the rule. In Calcutta, Mr. J. Scott, of the Botanic 

 Gardens, was so kind as to observe the many races of men to be 



" Pruner-Bey, on negro infants as quoted by Vogrt, 'Lectures on 

 Man,' Eng. translat. 1864, p. 189; for further facts on negro infants, 

 as quoted from Winterbottom and Camper, see Lawrence, 'Lectures 

 on Physiology,' &c., 1822, p. 451. For the infants of the Guaranys, see 

 Eengger, 'Saugethiere,' &c., s. 3. See, also, Godron, 'De I'Espece,' 

 tom. ii. 1859, p. 253. For the Australians, Waitz, 'Introduct. to Anthro- 

 pology,' Eng. translat. 1863, p. 99. 



' Rengger, 'Saugethiere,' &c., 1830, ». 49. 



8 As in Macacus cynomolgus (Desmarest, 'Maramalogie,' p. 65), and 

 in Hylobates agllis (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 'Hist. Nat. 

 des Mamm.' 1824, tom. i. p. 2). 



' 'Anthropological Review,' Oct. 1868, p. 353. 



