554 THE DESCENT OF MAN. 



seen there, as well as In some other parts of India, namely two 

 races in Sikhim, the Bhoteas, Hindoos, Burmese, and Chinese, 

 most of which races have very little hair on the face; and he 

 always found that when there was any difference in color between 

 the hair of the head and the beard, the latter was invariably 

 lighter. Now with monkeys, as has already been stated, the 

 beard frequently differs strikingly in color from the hair of the 

 head, and in such cases it is always of a lighter hue, being often 

 pure white, sometimes yellow or reddish.'" 



In regard to the general hairiness of the body, the women in 

 all races are less hairy than the men; and in some few Quad- 

 rumana the under side of the body of the female is less hairy 

 that that of the male." Lastly, male monkeys, like men, are 

 bolder and fiercer than the females. They lead the troop, and 

 when there is danger, come to the front. We thus see how close 

 is the parallelism between the sexual differences of man and the 

 Quadrumana. With some few species, however, as with certain 

 baboons, the orang and the gorilla, there is a considerably greater 

 difference between the sexes, as in the size of the canine teeth, in 

 the development and color of the hair, and especially in the color 

 of the naked parts of the skin, than in mankind. 



All the secondary sexual characters of man are highly variable, 

 even within the limits of the same race; and they differ much in 

 the several races. These two rules hold good generally through- 

 out the animal kingdom. In the excellent observations made on 

 board the Novara,'^ the male Australians were found to exceed 

 the females by only 65 millim. in height, whilst with the Javans 

 the average excess was 218 millim.; so that in this latter race the 

 difference in height between the sexes is more than thrice as great 

 as with the Australians. Numerous measurements were carefully 

 made of the stature, the circumference of the neck and chest, the 



1° Mr. Blyth informs me that he has only seen one Instance of the 

 beard, whiskers, &c., In a monkey becoming white with old age, as 

 Is so commonly the case with us. This, however, occurred in an aged 

 Macacus cynomolgus, kept in confinement, whose moustaches were 

 "remarkably long and human-like." Altogether this old monkey pre- 

 sented a ludicrous resemblance to one of the reigning monarchs of 

 Europe, after whom he was universally nick-named. In certain races 

 of man the hair on the head hardly ever becomes gray; thus Mr. D. 

 Forbes has never, as he informs me, seen an instance with the 

 Aymaras and Quicliuas of S. America. 



" This is the case with the females of several species of Hylobates, 

 see Geoffrey St.-Hilaire and P. Cuvier, 'Hist. Nat. des Mamm.' tom. i. 

 See, also, on H. lar. 'Penny Cyclopedia,' vol. ii. pp. 149, 150. 



1^ The results were deduced by Dr. Weisbacli from the measure- 

 ments made by Drs. K, Scherzer and Schwarz, see 'Reise der Novara: 

 Anthropolog. Theil,' 1867, ss. 21G, 231, 234, 236.. 239. 269. 



