MAN— BEAUTY. 575 



sidered by the North American Indians "as very vulgar," and 

 every hair is carefully eradicated. This practice prevails through- 

 out the American continent from Vancouver's Island in the north 

 to Tierra del Fuego in the south. When York Minster, a Fuegian 

 on board the 'Beagle,' was taken back to his country, the natives 

 told him he ought to pull out the few short hairs on his face. They 

 also threatened a young missionary, who was left for a time with 

 them, to strip him naked, and pluck the hairs from his face and 

 body, yet he was far from being a hairy man. This fashion is 

 carried so far that the Indians of Paraguay eradicate their 

 eyebrows and eyelashes, saying that ithey do not wish to be like 

 horses."® 



It is remarkable that throughout the world the races which 

 are almost completely destitute of a beard, dislike hairs on the 

 face and body, and take pains to eradicate them. The Kalmucks 

 are beardless, and they are well known, like the Americans, to 

 pluck out all straggling hairs; and so it is with the Polynesians, 

 some of the Malays, and the Siamese. Mr. Veitch states that the 

 Japanese ladies "all objected to our whiskers, considering them 

 "very ugly, and told us to cut them off, and be like Japanese 

 "men." The New Zealanders have short, curled beards; yet 

 they formerly plucked out the hairs on the face. They had a 

 saying that "there is no woman for a hairy man;" but it would 

 appear that the fashion has changed in New Zealand, perhaps 

 owning to the presence of Europeans, and I am assured that 

 beards are now admired by the Maories." 



On the other hand, bearded races admire and greatly value 

 their beards; among the Anglo-Saxons every part of the body 

 had a recognized value; "the loss of the beard being estimated 

 "at twenty shillings, while the breaking of a thigh was fixed at 

 "only twelve.""" In the East men swear solemnly by their beards. 

 We have seen that Chinsurdi, the chief of the Makalolo in Africa, 

 thought that beards were a great ornament. In the Pacific the 

 Fijian's beard is "profuse and bushy, and is his greatest pride;" 

 whilst the inhabitants of the adjacent archipelagoes of Tonga and 

 Samoa are "beardless, and abhor a rough chin." In one island 



« 'North American Indians,' by G. Catlin, 3rd edit. 1842, vol. i. p. 

 49' vol. li. p. 227. On the natives of Vancouver's Island, see Sproat, 

 'Scenes and Studies of Savage Life,' 1868, p. 25. On the Indians of 

 Paraguay, Azara, 'Voyages,' torn. ii. p. 105. 



" On the Siamese, Prichard, ibid. vol. iv. p. 533. On the Japanese, 

 Veitch in 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1860, p. 1104. On the New Zealanders, 

 Mantegazza, 'Viaggi e Studi,' 1867, p. 526. For the other nations men- 

 tioned, see references in Lawrence, 'Lectures on Physiology,' &o. IS22, 

 p. 272. 



" Lubbock, 'Origin of Civilization,' 1870, p. 321. 



