SUMMARY ON MAN. 599 



jet black akin, white rolling eyeballs, and hair parted on the top 

 of the head, is almost ludicrous. 



The color of the face differs much more widely in the various 

 kinds of monkeys than it does in the races of man; and we have 

 some reason to believe that the red, blue, orange, almost white 

 and black tints of their skin, even when common to both sexes, 

 as well as the bright colors of their fur, and the ornamental 

 tufts about the head, have all been acquired through sexual selec- 

 tion. As the order of development during growth, generally in- 

 dicates the order in which the characters of a species have been 

 developed and modified during previous generations; and as the 

 newly-born infants of the various races of man do not differ 

 nearly as much in color as do the adults, although their bodies 

 are as completely destitute of hair, we have some slight evidence 

 that the tints of the different races were acquired at a period sub- 

 sequent to the removal of the hair, which must have occurred at 

 a very early period in the history of man. 



Summary. — ^We may conclude that the greater size, strength, 

 courage, pugnacity, and energy of man, in comparison with wo- 

 man, were acquired during primeval times, and have subsequently 

 been augmented, chiefly through the contests of rival males for 

 the possession of the females. The greater intellectual vigor and 

 power of invention in man is probably due to natural selection, 

 combined with the inherited effects of habit, for the most able 

 men will have succeeded best in defending and providing for them- 

 selves and for their wives and offspring. As far as the extreme 

 intricacy of the subject permits us to judge, it appears that our 

 male ape-like progenitors acquired their beards as an ornament 

 to charm or excite the opposite sex, and transmitted them only 

 to their male offspring. The females apparently first had their 

 bodies denuded of hair, also as a sexual ornament; but they trans- 

 mitted this character almost equally to both sexes. It is not im- 

 probable that the females were modified in other respects for the 

 same purpose and by the same means; so that women have ac- 

 quired sweeter voices and become more beautiful than men. 



It deserves attention that with mankind the conditions were in 

 many respects much more favorable for sexual selection, during 

 a very early period, when man had only just attained to the rank 

 of manhood, than during later times. For he would then, as we 

 may safely conclude, have been guided more by his instinctive 

 passions, and less by foresight or reason. He would have jealously 

 guarded his wife or wives. He would not have practiced infanti- 

 cide; nor valued his wives merely as useful slaves; nor have been 

 betrothed to them during infancy. Hence we may infer that the 

 races of men were differentiated as far as sexual selection is con- 

 cerned, in chief part at a very remote epoch; and this conclusion 



