EDWINSTREE HUNDRED 



BUCKLAND 



The road descends in a southerly direction into the 

 valley of the Rib, which it crosses at the hamlet of 

 Chipping, sometimes styled 'New' Chipping or 

 ' New Cheping,' probably on account of the market 

 established there in 1252.1 Beyond Chipping Bridge 

 is the manor-house of Pope's Hall. A Congregational 

 chapel at the head of the hamlet was built about 



The parish is small, including only 1,629 ^^res. 

 The boundary between Therfield and Buckland passes 

 through the village street. The houses on the west 

 side of the street are in Therfield for civil pur- 

 poses, but have been in the ecclesiastical parish of 

 Buckland since 1857.' The greater part of the 

 parish is arable land. There are about 220 acres of 

 grass, and a little woodland lies on the borders of 

 Wyddial.* At Burhill Wood near Pope's Hall is a 

 dry stirrup-shaped moat entered from the north. 



The village probably owed what importance it 

 had to its position on the high road. The lord of 

 Buckland had a grant of a weekly market on Tuesdays 

 and an annual three days' fair beginning on the vigil 

 of the feast of St. Simon and St. Jude.^ This grant 

 was made in 1258. In 1252 the lord of Pope's Hall 

 had had a grant of a weekly market on Fridays and 

 a three days' fair to be held yearly beginning on 

 the vigil of the feast of St. Gregory.* The tolls of 

 the market at Pope's Hall were farmed at 1 6s. yearly 

 in 1322,' and the market was held at 'the New 

 Cheping.' Elizabeth de Burgh replaced this market 

 by one at her manor of Buntingford in 1 360.^ The 

 fair was also abolished,' but appears to have been 

 renewed, since two fairs, one held at Buckland, the 

 other at Chipping, were abolished in 1883.^'' Neither 

 of the markets is now in existence. 



In the time of Edward the Confessor 

 MANORS BUCKLAND was held by Sailt, a man 

 of Earl Lewin's. After the Conquest 

 it was held by Osbem under Odo Bishop of Bayeux, 

 brother of William I.^^ The lands held of the bishop 

 by Osbem seem generally to have been acquired by 

 the Ports.i^ Knight's service was subsequently due 

 from the lord of Buckland to the lord of Tonge 

 Castle, CO. Kent,^' which had been held of Odo by 

 Hugh de Port in 1086.1* 



After the bishop had forfeited his English lands in 

 1088, the overlordship of Buckland apparently re- 

 mained with the lords of Tonge Castle, Hugh de 

 Port and his descendants the St. Johns.i^ A fee in 

 Buckland was held of Hugh's great-grandson Adam 



de Port.i' Later Tonge Castle, apparently including 

 the overlordship of Buckland, was held under Adam's 

 direct descendant by Ralph Fitz Bernard, who died 

 about 1306.1^ He was ultimately succeeded as over- 

 lord of Buckland by his grandson Bartholomew Lord 

 Badlesmere.i^ 



During the 13 th century the immediate tenants of 

 Buckland took their name from the manor. Philip 

 de Buckland had a grant of free warren in all his 

 Hertfordshire lands and of market and fair at Buck- 

 land in 1258.1" He was probably the Philip de 

 Buckland who was the king's marshal and had accom- 

 panied Prince Edward in his Welsh expedition in the 

 year previous to this grant.^^ Of his predecessors 

 little is known.^i Possibly Henry de Buckland, who 

 was attorney of William de St. John, the overlord of 

 this manor in 1228, and brought a plea concerning 

 the wardship of certain lands in Hertfordshire in 

 1233,^2 was lord of Buckland in this county.^' 

 Henry son of Henry de Buckland held land here in 

 124.9.^* Contemporary with Philip de Buckland was 

 a certain Stephen, who was clerk to Bertram de Crioll, 

 lord of the manor of Pope's Hall in this parish.^^ The 

 lord of Buckland in 1303 was Henry de Buckland.^^ 



In I 3 1 3 settlement was made on Henry and his 

 wife Alice in survivorship, with successive remainders 

 to Henry's sons Reginald and Richard and his daughter 

 Eleanor in tail.^' Alice survived her husband and 

 surrendered her life interest in the manor to the over- 

 lord Bartholomew Lord Badlesmere for a yearly rent 

 of £'io?^ Reginald having died childless, Richard 

 his brother was heir under the settlement of 1313,^' 

 and as such remitted to Badlesmere all his right in the 

 manor.^** The latter was implicated in the revolt of 

 1322, surrendered to the king after Boroughbridge, and 

 was hanged at Canterbury.^! Buckland was seised by 

 the king with his other lands,'^ whereupon Richard 

 de Buckland petitioned for its restoration, maintaining 

 that Badlesmere's interest had lapsed with the death 

 of Alice widow of Henry de Buckland.^' In April 

 1323 order was given for the delivery of Buckland to 

 the petitioner^* ; but his deed of release to Badles- 

 mere was subsequently discovered among the latter's 

 muniments,^^ which had been taken to the Tower.'* 

 In 1327 Margaret Lady Badlesmere, widow of Bar- 

 tholomew, whose action in excluding the queen from 

 Leeds Castle had been the immediate cause of the 

 disturbances of 1322,'^ claimed that Buckland had 

 been settled upon her jointly with her husband.'^ 

 She had restoration of all her lands in 1327,'" and 



' Ahbrev. Rot. Orig. (Rec. Com.), ii, 

 293 ; Cal. Chart. R. 1226-57, p. 404. 

 ' Sea. R. (Herts. Co. Rec), ii, 425. 

 ^ Order in Council, 16 July 1857, 

 * Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905). 

 ' Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, p. 12. 

 " Ibid. 1226-57, P- 404- 

 ' Mins. Accts. bdle. 1147, no. 9, m. 7. 

 ' Abbrev. Rot. Orig. (Rec. Com.), ii, 



293- 



9 Ibid. 



^^ Loud. Gaz, 2 Jan. 1883, p. 33. 



^^ r.CH. Herts, i, 310A. 



" See r.CH. Herts, iii, 222. This 

 was also the case with his Kentish lands. 



" Cal. Inq. p.m. i-io Edio. HI, 91. 



^* Dom. Bk. Fac. Kent, 17. 



^ Cal. Inq. p-.m. i-io Edia. Ill, 91 ; 

 Chan. Inq. p.m. 12 Edw. Ill (2nd nos.), 

 no. 54a, For an account of the Port 

 family see V.C.H. Hants, iv, 1 15-16. 



•8 Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 270. 



" Chan. Inq. p.m. 34 Edw. I, no. 53. 



■8 See below ; cf. Hasted, Hist, of Kent, 

 ii, 60Z. 



19 Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, p. 12. 



» Cal. Pat. 1247-58, pp. 578, 586 i 

 cf. p. 635 and ibid. 1258-66, p. 54. 



21 Possibly Gregory of Buckland, party 

 to a plea concerning 4 acres in Buckland, 

 CO. Herts., in 11 99, was one of them (iJo/. 

 Cur. Reg. [Rec. Com.], ii, 69). 



M Ca/. Close, 1227-31, p. 5* j Mait- 

 land, Bractan's Nate Bk. ii, 621. 



2' Chauncy {Hist. Antiq. of Herts.) has 

 confused this family with others of the 

 same name, and has been followed in this 

 by more recent historians. It is not 

 known whether Geoffrey de Buckland, 

 Dean of St. Martin's and justice itinerant 

 in Hertfordshire (Cal. Pat. 1216-25, 

 passim), came of the family now under 



43 



consideration. The Nicholas de Buck- 

 land who built the church in 1348 (see 

 below) was probably of this family. 



^* Cur. Reg. R. 135, m. 10. 



2* Excerpta e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Com.), ii, 

 232. 



26 Feud. Aids, ii, 431. 



2' Feet of F. Herts. 7 Edw. II, no. 132. 



28 Cal. Close, 1318-23, p. 635. 



^ Ibid. 



3" Ibid. 1323-7, p. 53- 



'1 G.E.C. Complete Peerage, i, 215. 



83 Pari. R. i, 405*. 



58 Ibid. 



" Cal. Close, 1318-23, p. 635. 



85 Ibid. 1323-7, pp. 53, III. 



86 Pari. R. ii, 430a. 

 8' G.E.C. loc. cit. 



88 Pari. R. ii, 430a ; cf. Cal. Inq. p.m 

 I-IO Ediv. Ill, 91. 

 88 Pari. R. ii, 422a. 



