CELTIC AND ROMANO-BRITISH HERTFORDSHIRE 



twenty-four of the coins are now in the Hertford Museum and are of the following 

 emperors : ° 



5 Galllenus [a.d. 253-68] , Constantine I [a.d. 306-37] 



I Salonina[A.D. 253-68] 2 Crispus [a.d. S17-26I 



9 Claudius Gothicus [a.d. 268-70] , Constantine II [a.d ^17-40! 



I Aurelian [a.d. 270-5] 3 Illegible J / i- J 

 I Probus [a.d. 276-81] 



_ The earUer coins were very well preserved, the later in bad condition ; the three illegible 

 coins were thought to be Constantinian(A.D. 306-37), andone perhaps Valentinian (a.d. ^64.-7^) 

 The com of Constantme I bore the London mint mark 'p.lon.' A pig of lead (23-2 in lone) 

 now in the British Museum, was found in 1885 in draining a field at Theobalds Park not far 

 from Ermme Street. In a sunk panel it bears the following inscription in raised 'letters • 

 •iMPCAES HADRiANi AVG,' and On the side in smaller letters is another inscription, probably of 

 some dozen letters, of which the beginning ' lav ' and the end ' vx ' or ' xx ' only can be read 

 [Prof. Haverfield in Ef hem. Epigr. ix, 1264^]. Other pigs of lead of the time of 

 Hadnan (A D. 117-38) have been found in Derbyshire {V.C.H. Derb. i, 230] and in Shrop- 

 shire [V.CH Shrops. 1, 264-s] and at Bath [F.C.H. Somers. i, 342]. This was probably lost 

 on Its way from the Derbyshire lead mines to London. Cheshunt has also been identified 

 as Caesaromagus and Durolitum of the Antonine Itinerary, but both these places occur on 

 the road to Colchester and not on Ermine Street. [Salmon, Hist, of Herts. (1728) 7 ■ Survey 

 (1731), u, 418 ; Leman, in Clutterbuck, Hist, of Herts. (1815), i, p. xvi; hence Clutterbuck 

 op. cit.ii, 77; Stukeley, Itin. Curios. (1776), 77 n. ; and MS. Min. Soc. Antiq. 22 April 1724' 

 and a copy of Chauncy, Hist, of Herts, in the Bodleian (Gough, Herts. 19), p. 297 hence 

 Camden's Brit. (ed. Gough, i8o<S), ii, 71 ; Brayley and Britton, Beauties of Engl, ani Wales 

 vii, 232; V.CH. Herts, ii, 104]. Cussans, Hist, of Herts. Hertford. Hund. 206, seems to 

 misquote Salmon as to ' coins, urns and other relics ' being found in abundance here. For 

 the account of the hoard we are indebted to Mr. Bullen of the Herts. County Museum. 

 CoTTERED.— Stukeley was told of the discovery of coins of the later Empire in a barrow near here. 

 The village lies to the north of the road from Colchester and Braughing to Baldock and Sandy 

 [Stukeley's Letters and Diaries (Surt. Soc. 1883), ii, 210]. 

 Flamstead.— There seems no reason for assigning this as the site of DuroUtum. Nothing has 

 ever been found or recorded from here, and the mileage from London and Verulamium does 

 not agree with that of the Antonine Itinerary. 

 Harpenden.— A barrow about 50 ft. in diameter at the base and 20 ft. high, close to Pickford 

 Mill on the River Lea, about a mile north-east of Harpenden (and three of Watling Street), 

 was opened in November 1827 or 1829 and was found to contain a rude and massive cist, in 

 the shape of a round box with an internal diameter of 2 ft. 10 in. and i ft. 6 in. deep, resting 

 on a rectangular base, rising slightly at each end, 5 ft. 3 in. long, 3 ft. wide and 1 1 in. thick, the 

 whole being cut out of one block of hard calcareous grit. It was covered by a rectangular hd 

 of the same size as the base, with a circular groove in the centre to fit on to the box. Within 

 this had been deposited a square pale green glass bottle with reeded handle, 14! in. high and 

 stamped on the bottom with a pattern precisely like that in the Youngsbury barrow (see 

 Standon), four small shallow cups of Drag, type 33, stamped 'ateniiam' 2 in. high, 

 '.eniia.m' 1 1 in. high (Aten^aet] manu or Atinianus or Ateneacus — the last two found at 

 Rheinzabern), ' bvttvrri ' 2 in. high, 'bv..vrri' 2 in. high {Butturri, found also at Vichy) 

 [Birch, Arch. Journ. ii, 251 seq. figs.; Gent. Mag. (1829), ii, 549 ; MS. Min. Soc. Anriq. xxxvi, 

 104 ; Arch, xxiv, 349 ; Cussans, Hist, of Herts. Dacorum Hund. 349 ; Walters, Cat. of Roman 

 Pottery in Brit. Mus. (1908), no. M. 2040, 2041, 2057, 2058; see also Corp. Inscr. Latin. 

 xiii, 10010-374 J Ludowici, Romischer Topfer in Rheinzabern (1905-8), iii, 4], the objects 

 being presented to the British Museum in 1843. The site is marked on the 6-in. O.S. Map sheet 

 no. xxvii, N.E., but with a wrong date. ' Remains of Roman interments ' were also found in 

 1867 a little south-east of Harpenden station in making the G.N.R. Luton and Dunstable line. 

 They lay 4 ft. deep and were destroyed at the time. The only objects described are wood 

 buckets with brass bands and handles, consisting of loose rings 2 in. diameter hanging from 

 the mouth of rams, whose nostrils were painted (or enamelled) red. They are not figured, but 

 from the description they would appear to have late Celtic affinities, if they are not actually of 

 that period. Lastly, two silver coins of Gallienus and Salonina (a.d. 253-68) and a ' third 

 brass ' of Postumus (? 259-69) were turned up in the churchyard about i860. [Cussans, Hist, of 

 Herts. Dacorum Hund. 350]. In the foundations of Top Street Farm, three-quarters of a mile 

 south of Harpenden station (Midland Une), are large blocks of stone from an older building, 

 and in the chimney some half-columns and a carved fragment, thought to be Roman. They 

 have been there for the last sixty years, and the farm itself was built in 1650. No similar 



4 153 20 



