11. meemra. 123 
Var. Horsfieldii. Fur dark brown, paler on the sides of the throat 
and back; head darker; abdomen grey white. Male. Neck and 
sides of body very bright rufous. Female. Neck reddish; sides 
grey ; forearm-bone 24 inches ? B.M. 
Pteropus marginatus, Horsf. Zool. Java, t.! Cynopterus Horsfieldii 
Gray, List. Mamm. B. M. p. 38 ! ; 
Hab. Java, Horsfield. 
See Pteropus melanocephalus, Temm. Mon. i. p. 190, t. 12, t. 16. 
f, 3, 4; ii. t. 35. £10, t. 36. £. 22, 23. Pachysoma melano- 
cephalus, Is. Geoff. Hab. Java. Ashy brown; beneath dull 
white; crown and nose black. 
Var. brachyotis. Fur dull brown; throat and sides of neck red; 
arm-bone 2 inches 4 lines, : B.M. 
Pachysoma brachyotis, Miiller, Van der Hoeven, Tijdschr. v. p. 146; 
Temm. Mon, ii. p. 862 ! 
Hab. Borneo: in spirit, from Mus. Leyden. I sce no difference in 
the length of the ears between this and the other species. 
Var. philippensis. Fur pale reddish brown, paler beneath. B.M. 
Pachysoma titthecheilus, Waterhouse, Mus. Zool. Soc. ! 
Hab, Philippines, Cuming (male and female, in spirit). 
Var. Cumingii. Fur blackish brown, rather greyer beneath; the 
margin of the ears narrow ; arm-bone 2 inches 6 lines; interfemoral 
membrane hairy; tail slender, free. B.M. 
Pachysoma brevicaudatum, Waterhouse, Mus, Zool. Soc, ! 
Hab, Philippines, Cuming (male and female, in spirit). 
Var. nigrescens. Fur brown; head rather dark ; nose, orbit, and 
cheek blackish ; throat, sides of the neck, and beneath grey brown. 
Hab. Morty Island, Wallace. 
** Africa, Hair of neck-collar thick, harsh. 
2. Cynopterus collaris. B.M. 
Fur reddish brown, beneath rather duller; throat with a broad 
collar of rigid unctuous red hairs; hairy part of back rather narrow ; 
shoulders and lower half of forearm hairy; forearm-bone 24 inches. 
Young. 
Xantharpyia collaris, Gray, List, Mamm. B. M. 1843.3 
Hab. West Africa, Currer (from Haslar Museum) ; Angola, Well- 
wich (in spirits). 
See also Ptenochirus, a subgenus of Cynopterus, Peters. 
11. MEGARA. 
Tail none. Lower joint of the thumb very short. Back, shoulders, 
forearms, thigh, base of interfemoral membrane, and wings near the 
