ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XV 



Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Cuticular 



Pegs, 296 



Over-arched Stomata of Australian Proteacese, - 297 

 Stomata in Pit-like Depressions, - - - 298 



Stomata in the Furrows of Green Stems, - - 299 

 Orchids whose Stomata lie in HoUow Tubercles, - 300 

 Transverse Sections through Rolled Leaves, - 301 

 Vertical Section through a Rolled Leaf, - - 303 

 Thickened Stratified Cuticle, - - - - 310 



Caryota propinqua, ------ 311 



Vertical Section of Leaf of Caryota propinqua, - 312 

 Edelweiss {Qnaphalium, Leontopodium), - - 315 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 321 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 322 

 Flinty armour of Rochea falcata, - - - 323 



Switch-plants, 831 



Switch-shrubs, sections of Stems, - - - 332 

 Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 333 



Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 335 



Compass Plants, ...-,. 337 



Folding of Grass-leaves {Sesleria tenuifolia), - 341 

 Folding of Grass-leaves (Stipa capillata and Pes- 



tuca alpestris), --..-. 342 

 Folding of Grass-leaves (Lasiagrostis Oalama- 



grostia and Festuca Porcii), - . - - 343 



Folding of Grass-leaves {Festuca punctoria), - 345 

 Folding of Moss-leaves [Polytrichum comviune), - 346 

 Unfolding of Leaves of various plants, - - 349 

 Leaf-unfolding of the Tulip-tree, ... 352 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, . . - . 353 



Leaf-fall of the Horse-chestnut, - - - . 361 

 Indian Climbing Palms (Potang), - - - 363 

 Lianes, Stems of, - - - • - 364 



Aroids, with cord-like aerial roots, - - - 365 

 Position of the Chlorophyll-granules in the cells 



of the Ivy-leaved Duckweed {Leinnj, trisulca), 382 

 Plan of Whorled Phyllotaxis, - - - - 397 



Plan for Spiral Phyllotaxis, - - - - 400 



Plan of Five-thirteenths Phyllotaxis, - - - 401 



Parastichies of a Pine-cone, . - . . 403 

 Displacement of the leaf-positions in consequence 



of torsion of the stem, ... - 407 



Leaf -mosaic. Leaf-rosettes, and Scale-like Leaves, 410 

 Formation of a Leaf-mosaic, . - - - 411 

 Spruce Firs [Abies excelsa), . - . . 415 



Erect Leafy Twig of the Norway Maple, - - 416 

 Twisting of Internodes and Leaf-stalks, - - 417 



Horizontally growing Leafy Twig of the Paper 



Mulberry-tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), - 418 

 Leafy Twig projecting laterally from the Stem of 



the Norwsiy "Maple [Acer platanoides),- - 419 

 Leaf-mosaics of Unsymmetrical Leaves, - - 420 

 Mosaic of Leaves of unequal size, - - - 421 



Mosaic of Unsymmetrical Leaves of unequal size, 422 

 Leaf-mosaic (Ivy), ------ 423 



Acantholimon and spiny Tragacanth-shrubs, - 435 

 Group of Thistles [Cirsium nemorcde), - - 436 



Acanthus spinosissimus, - - - - - 437 



Page 

 Weapons of Plants, -....- 439 



Weapons of Plants, 449 



Chemical Diagrams (three), ... - 453 

 Chemical Diagram, ------ 454 



Crystals and Crystalloids in Plant-cells, ■• - 457 

 Various Forms of Starch-grains, - - - 459 



Portion cut from a Branch (diagrammatic), - 469 



Organs for Removal of Substances, - - . 471 

 Rhynchosia phaseoloides, a, Liane with ribbon-like 



Stems, 475 



Transverse sections of Liane Stems, - - - 477 

 Leafless Branches of Tecoma radicans, rooted on 



a waU, 479 



Elevation of a Block of Stone in consequence of 



the growth in thickness of a Larch Root, ■ 515 

 Alpine Willows with stems and branches clinging 



to the ground, ------ 524 



Periodic bending of Flowers and Inflorescences, - 531 

 Alteration of Position of Leaflets in Compound 



Leaves, ------- 533 



Mimosa pudica in day and night positions, - - 537 

 Mountain Pines [Pinus kumilis) in the Tyrol, - 549 

 Detachment of special shoots of Potamogeton 



crispus, for hibernation under water, - - 551 

 Edible Lichen [Lecanora esculenta) in the desert, 555 

 Changes in the Protoplasm of the Cell-nucleus 



during its division, - ... - 581 

 Laminarias in the North Sea, .... 588 



Liverworts with Cell-nets, Cell-plates, and Cell- 

 rows in various transitional forms, ■ - 591 

 Cotyledons, various examples shown in detail, - 599 

 Process of Development — [Rhizophora oonjugata), 603 

 Mangroves on the West Coast of India at ebb- 

 tide, - - 605 



Germinating Seeds and Seedlings, - - - 607 

 Liberation of the Cotyledons from the cavity of 



the seed or fruit husk, - - - - fill 



Anchoring of the Water-chestnut (IVapa),- - 617 

 The Boring of Fruits into the Ground, Feather- 

 grass and Stork's-bill, - - . 619 

 Cotyledons of various Plants, . - - . 621 

 Arrangement of Strands in the blades of Foliage- 



leaves. Forms with one main strand, . - 631 

 Distribution of Strands in the blades of Foliage- 

 leaves. Forms with several main strands, - 633 

 Flowers of the Silver Lime and Arrow-grass, - 646 

 Cotton Trees of the Brazilian catingas, - - 656 



Agaves of the Mexican uplands, - . - 657 



Yucca gloriosa, ------ 659 



Vallisneria spiralis, .-...- 667 

 Rotangs in Java, -.-.-. 675 

 Shoot-apices of three species of Eotang, - - 676 

 Branches of the New Zealand Bramble, - - 677 

 Palm-stem used as a support by the lattice-forming 



stems of one of the Clusiacese, - - - 681 



Twining Hop (Humulus Lupulus), in detail, - 688 

 Portion of a Liane stem, twisted like a cork- 

 screw, ------- 689 



